Table 5 Factors associated with absent pharmacotherapy in diabetic study participants with concomitant (diagnosed or unrecognized) hypertension or dyslipidemia
Hypertension | Dyslipidemia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Without anti-hypertensive medication n (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted for Age, Sex, BMI, MI, Stroke, Study | N | Without lipid lowering medication n (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted for Sex, MI | |
1048 | 226 (21.6) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | 636 | 396 (62.3) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Age in years | ||||||||
70-74 | 257 | 38 (14.8) | Reference | Reference | 134 | 84 (62.7) | Reference | Reference |
65-69 | 252 | 49 (19.4) | 1.39 (0.87-2.21) | 1.35 (0.83-2.19) | 146 | 81 (55.5) | 0.74 (0.46-1.20) | 0.71 (0.43-1.16) |
60-64 | 254 | 57 (22.4) | 1.67 (1.06-2.62) | 1.46 (0.90-2.35) | 157 | 97 (61.8) | 0.96 (0.60-1.55) | 0.94 (0.57-1.54) |
55-59 | 151 | 41 (27.2) | 2.15 (1.31-3.53) | 1.80 (1.06-3.05) | 98 | 63 (64.3) | 1.07 (0.62-1.84) | 0.93 (0.53-1.63) |
45-54 | 134 | 41 (30.6) | 2.54 (1.54-4.20) | 2.28 (1.34-3.90) | 101 | 71 (70.3) | 1.41 (0.81-2.45) | 1.10 (0.62-1.95) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 563 | 153 (27.2) | 2.11 (1.54-2.87) | 2.11 (1.52-2.93) | 362 | 246 (68.0) | 1.75 (1.27-2.43) | 2.02 (1.44-2.84) |
Female | 485 | 73 (15.1) | Reference | Reference | 274 | 150 (54.7) | Reference | Reference |
Smoking | ||||||||
Yes | 150 | 46 (30.7) | 1.80 (1.22-2.64) | 1.40 (0.92-2.13) | 115 | 80 (69.6) | 1.49 (0.96-2.30) | 1.30 (0.82-2.04) |
No | 880 | 174 (19.8) | Reference | Reference | 510 | 309 (60.6) | Reference | Reference |
BMI | ||||||||
> = 30 | 546 | 86 (15.8) | Reference | Reference | 322 | 199 (61.8) | Reference | Reference |
<30 | 500 | 139 (27.8) | 2.06 (1.52-2.79) | 1.98 (1.43-2.74) | 312 | 195 (62.5) | 1.03 (0.75-1.42) | 0.89 (0.63-1.24) |
Physical inactivity | ||||||||
Yes | 757 | 160 (21.1) | Reference | Reference | 461 | 298 (64.6) | 1.42 (0.99-2.04) | 1.49 (1.03-2.17) |
No | 280 | 64 (22.9) | 1.11 (0.80-1.54) | 1.10 (0.77-1.56) | 167 | 94 (56.3) | Reference | Reference |
School education | ||||||||
Low | 811 | 168 (20.7) | Reference | Reference | 499 | 308 (61.7) | Reference | Reference |
High and middle | 221 | 54 (24.4) | 1.24 (0.87-1.76) | 1.08 (0.74-1.58) | 126 | 82 (65.1) | 1.16 (0.77-1.74) | 0.98 (0.64-1.50) |
Income | ||||||||
Low | 162 | 37 (22.8) | Reference | Reference | 104 | 65 (62.5) | Reference | Reference |
Middle | 674 | 133 (19.7) | 0.83 (0.55-1.26) | 0.73 (0.47-1.14) | 405 | 248 (61.2) | 0.95 (0.61-1.48) | 0.92 (0.58-1.47) |
High | 109 | 31 (28.4) | 1.34 (0.77-2.34) | 0.90 (0.49-1.65) | 62 | 45 (72.6) | 1.59 (0.80-3.15) | 1.17 (0.57-2.39) |
Myocardial infarction | ||||||||
Yes | 107 | 8 (7.5) | Reference | Reference | 89 | 34 (38.2) | Reference | Reference |
No | 934 | 217 (23.2) | 3.75 (1.79-7.82) | 3.65 (1.72 -7.75) | 540 | 357 (66.1) | 3.16 (1.99-5.01) | 3.62 (2.25-5.82) |
Stroke | ||||||||
Yes | 81 | 7 (8.6) | Reference | Reference | 48 | 29 (60.4) | Reference | Reference |
No | 960 | 219 (22.8) | 3.12 (1.42-6.88) | 3.45 (1.53-7.79) | 585 | 366 (62.6) | 1.10 (0.60-2.00) | 0.99 (0.52-1.85) |
Dyslipidemia | Hypertension | |||||||
Yes | 530 | 109 (20.6) | Reference | Reference | 530 | 322 (60.8) | Reference | Reference |
No | 426 | 97 (22.8) | 1.14 (0.84-1.55) | 1.15 (0.83-1.60) | 105 | 74 (70.5) | 1.54 (0.98-2.43) | 1.71 (1.06-2.78) |
Study | ||||||||
GNHIES98 | 228 | 65 (28.5) | Reference | Reference | 155 | 102 (65.8) | Reference | Reference |
CARLA | 155 | 22 (14.2) | 0.42 (0.24-0.71) | 0.39 (0.22-0.69) | 84 | 46 (54.8) | 0.63 (0.37-1.08) | 0.56 (0.32-0.98) |
DHS | 73 | 17 (23.3) | 0.76 (0.41-1.41) | 0.91 (0.47-1.74) | - | - | - | - |
KORA | 114 | 24 (21.1) | 0.67 (0.39-1.14) | 0.82 (0.46-1.45) | 80 | 52 (65.0) | 0.97 (0.55-1.70) | 0.95 (0.53-1.72) |
HNR | 263 | 51 (19.4) | 0.60 (0.40-0.92) | 0.60 (0.39-0.93) | 174 | 101 (58.1) | 0.72 (0.46-1.13) | 0.68 (0.42-1.08) |
SHIP | 215 | 47 (21.9) | 0.70 (0.46-1.08) | 0.73 (0.46-1.16) | 143 | 95 (66.4) | 1.03 (0.64-1.66) | 1.08 (0.65-1.79) |