Table 4 Factors associated with high BP* and cholesterol^ in diabetic study participants with concomitant (diagnosed or unrecognized) hypertension or dyslipidemia
Hypertension | Dyslipidemia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | BP > =140/90 | Unadjusted | Adjusted for Sex, BMI, Study | N | TC/HDL ratio > = 5 | Unadjusted | Adjusted for Sex, MI, Study | |
n (%) | n (%) | |||||||
1048 | 808 (77.1) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | 636 | 493 (77.5) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Age in years | ||||||||
70-74 | 257 | 202 (78.6) | 1.45 (0.90-2.35) | 1.48 (0.90-2.46) | 134 | 101 (75.4) | Reference | Reference |
65-69 | 252 | 201 (79.8) | 1.56 (0.96-2.54) | 1.70 (1.02-2.84) | 146 | 105 (71.9) | 0.84 (0.49-1.43) | 0.83 (0.47-1.45) |
60-64 | 254 | 196 (77.2) | 1.34 (0.83-2.15) | 1.33 (0.81-2.19) | 157 | 126 (80.3) | 1.33 (0.76-2.32) | 1.28 (0.71-2.30) |
55-59 | 151 | 113 (74.8) | 1.18 (0.70-1.99) | 1.13 (0.65-1.96) | 98 | 79 (80.6) | 1.36 (0.72-2.57) | 1.23 (0.63-2.40) |
45-54 | 134 | 96 (71.6) | Reference | Reference | 101 | 82 (81.2) | 1.41 (0.75-2.66) | 1.33 (0.70-2.59) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 563 | 466 (82.8) | 2.01 (1.50-2.69) | 2.00 (1.47-2.72) | 362 | 297 (82.0) | 1.82 (1.25-2.65) | 2.23 (1.49-3.33) |
Female | 485 | 342 (70.5) | Reference | Reference | 274 | 196 (71.5) | Reference | Reference |
BMI | ||||||||
> = 30 | 546 | 392 (71.8) | Reference | Reference | 322 | 249 (77.3) | Reference | Reference |
<30 | 500 | 414 (82.8) | 1.89 (1.40-2.55) | 1.75 (1.28-2.40) | 312 | 242 (77.6) | 1.01 (0.70-1.47) | 0.82 (0.55-1.23) |
Currently smoking | ||||||||
Yes | 150 | 113 (75.3) | Reference | Reference | 115 | 96 (83.5) | 1.61 (0.94-2.74) | 1.56 (0.88-2.75) |
No | 880 | 682 (77.5) | 1.13 (0.75-1.69) | 1.30 (0.84-1.99) | 510 | 387 (75.9) | Reference | Reference |
Physical inactivity | ||||||||
Yes | 757 | 589 (77.8) | 1.13 (0.82-1.55) | 0.98 (0.70-1.38) | 461 | 365 (79.2) | 1.40 (0.93-2.11) | 1.27 (0.82-1.98) |
No | 280 | 212 (75.7) | Reference | Reference | 167 | 122 (73.1) | Reference | Reference |
School education | ||||||||
Low | 811 | 627 (77.3) | 1.02 (0.72-1.46) | 1.07 (0.73-1.55) | 499 | 385 (77.2) | Reference | Reference |
High and middle | 221 | 170 (76.9) | Reference | Reference | 126 | 99 (78.6) | 1.09 (0.68-1.74) | 1.00 (0.60-1.64) |
Income | ||||||||
Low | 162 | 124 (76.5) | Reference | Reference | 104 | 81 (77.9) | Reference | Reference |
Middle | 674 | 521 (77.3) | 1.04 (0.70-1.57) | 0.86 (0.56-1.33) | 405 | 306 (75.6) | 0.88 (0.52-1.47) | 0.84 (0.49-1.45) |
High | 109 | 86 (78.9) | 1.15 (0.64-2.06) | 0.98 (0.53-1.83) | 62 | 52 (83.9) | 1.48 (0.65-3.35) | 1.12 (0.47-2.65) |
Myocardial infarction | ||||||||
Yes | 107 | 75 (70.1) | Reference | Reference | 89 | 57 (64.0) | Reference | Reference |
No | 934 | 727 (77.8) | 1.50 (0.96-2.33) | 1.70 (1.06-2.70) | 540 | 431 (79.8) | 2.22 (1.37-3.59) | 2.81 (1.69-4.69) |
Stroke | ||||||||
Yes | 81 | 59 (72.8) | Reference | Reference | 48 | 38 (79.2) | 1.11 (0.54-2.28) | 1.19 (0.56-2.55) |
No | 960 | 742 (77.3) | 1.27 (0.76-2.12) | 1.63 (0.95-2.79) | 585 | 453 (77.4) | Reference | Reference |
Dyslipidemia | Hypertension | |||||||
Yes | 530 | 410 (77.4) | 1.09 (0.81-1.47) | 1.01 (0.73-1.38) | 530 | 408 (77.0) | Reference | Reference |
No | 426 | 323 (75.8) | Reference | Reference | 105 | 85 (81.0) | 1.27 (0.75-2.15) | 1.32 (0.75-2.31) |
Study | ||||||||
GNHIES98 | 228 | 195 (85.5) | Reference | Reference | 155 | 135 (87.1) | Reference | Reference |
CARLA | 155 | 114 (73.6) | 0.47 (0.28-0.79) | 0.49 (0.29-0.83) | 84 | 52 (61.9) | 0.24 (0.13-0.46) | 0.21 (0.11-0.40) |
DHS | 73 | 63 (86.3) | 1.07 (0.50-2.29) | 1.10 (0.51-2.39) | - | - | - | - |
KORA | 114 | 86 (75.4) | 0.52 (0.30-0.91) | 0.57 (0.32-1.02) | 80 | 63 (78.8) | 0.55 (0.27-1.12) | 0.52 (0.25-1.07) |
HNR | 263 | 172 (65.4) | 0.32 (0.20-0.50) | 0.30 (0.19-0.47) | 174 | 128 (73.6) | 0.41 (0.23-0.74) | 0.38 (0.21-0.69) |
SHIP | 215 | 178 (82.8) | 0.81 (0.49-1.36) | 0.84 (0.50-1.41) | 143 | 115 (80.4) | 0.61 (0.33-1.14) | 0.63 (0.33-1.20) |