Table 1 Clinical data of control group and the type 2 diabetic patients differentiated according to level of albuminuria

N, total

20

49

35

21

Male (%)

60.4

44.8

34.3

42.3

0.24

Age (years)

57.1 (7.2)

61.3 (12.0)

60.1 (11.7)

64 (13.1)

0.23

DM duration (years)

-

5.0 (0.3-10.0)

6.0 (0.2-10.0)

5.5 (3.3-9.8)

0.65

BMI (kg/m²)

28.9 (2.9)

29.9 (5.7)

33.9 (7.4)

30.9 (5.7)

0.02

Smoking

2 (10.0%)

19 (38.7%)

19 (49.0%)

8 (38.1%)

0.25

Use of antihypertensiva

0

31 (63.2%)

28 (80.0%)

19(90.5%)

< 0.001

Use of statins

1 (5.0%)

33 (67.3%)

21 (60.0%)

13 (61.9%)

< 0.001

Use of aspirin

1 (5.0%)

24 (49.0%)

10 (30.0%)

12 (57%)

< 0.001

Use of metformin

-

30 (61.2%)

16 (45.7%)

14 (66.7%)

< 0.001

Use of SU

-

20 (40.8%)

12 (34.2%)

8 (38.1%)

0.008

Use of Insulin

-

7 (14.2%)

6 (17.1%)

5 (23.8%)

0.14

YKL-40 (ng/ml) *

41 (33-55)

86 (55-137)

84 (71-147)

120 (83-220)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%) **

5.6 (0.3)

8.6 (2.1)

8.0 (2.0)

7.9 (1.8)

< 0.001

Creatinine (μmol/l) **

85 (76-94)

75 (65-93)

80 (65-91)

106 (66-121)

0.45

UACR (mg/mmol) *†

0.57 (0.34-1.53)

0.68 (0.39-1.23)

6.65 (4.06-11.47)

49.3 (36.9-102.9)

< 0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²) **

78.2 (25.7)

81.6 (21.9)

83.8 (24.3)

73.4 (32.3)

0.61

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.6 (0.9)

4.5 (1.2)

4.6 (1.0)

4.6 (1.1)

0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg) **

142 (17)

137 (18)

140 (16)

145 (17)

0.23

Diastolic BP (mmHg) **

85 (12)

81 (8)

83 (11)

83 (11)

0.34

History of:

CVD (all)

0

11 (22.4%)

5 (14.3%)

7 (33.3%)

0.03

Myocardial infarction

0

5 (10.2%)

3 (8.6%)

1 (4.7%)

0.49

Stroke

0

5 (10.2%)

2 (5.7%)

4 (19.0%)

0.11

PAOD

0

3 (6.1%)

1 (2.8%)

3 (14.3%)

0.13

Retinopathy:

- none

-

36 (73.5%)

30 (85.7%)

10 (47.6%)

0.002

- simplex

-

2 (4.1%)

2 (5.7%)

3 (14.2%)

0.002

- proliferative

-

0

0

3 (14.2%)

0.002