Characteristics | Discovery study - KORA S4 | Validation study - KORA-Age1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With T2D (n = 228) | Without T2D (n = 1264) | With T2D (n = 165) | Without T2D (n = 723) | |||||
CHD cases (n = 45) | Noncases (n = 183) | CHD cases (n = 102) | Noncases (n = 1162) | CHD cases (n = 19) | Noncases (n = 146) | CHD cases (n = 51) | Noncases (n = 672) | |
Age (years) | 66 (62, 70) | 64 (60, 69) | 67 (61, 70) | 63 (59, 68) | 79 (74, 85) | 76 (71, 80) | 77 (73, 81) | 74 (69, 80) |
Male (%) | 35 (77.8) | 91 (49.7) | 68 (66.7) | 546 (47.0) | 8 (42.1) | 73 (50.0) | 32 (62.7) | 307 (45.7) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138.5 (130.5, 161.0) | 145.0 (132.5, 156.0) | 141.0 (128.1, 151.5) | 132.5 (120.0, 146.0) | 146.0 (132.0, 169.8) | 137.8 (124.0, 149.4) | 139.5 (126.0, 152.3) | 137.0 (124.5, 149.5) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.0 (73.5, 91.0) | 82.5 (76.0, 88.5) | 80.8 (74.0, 87.5) | 79.5 (73.0, 86.5) | 75.0 (63.3, 85.8) | 73.5 (66.5, 82.0) | 73.0 (68.0, 83.3) | 76.5 (70.0, 83.0) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.8 (5.3, 6.6) | 6.0 (5.3, 6.8) | 6.2 (5.7, 6.9) | 6.3 (5.6, 7.0) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.3) | 5.2 (4.5, 5.9) | 5.2 (4.3, 6.3) | 5.6 (4.9, 6.3) |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.6) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.7) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 (28.1, 34.3) | 30.2 (27.6, 33.4) | 28.4 (26.2, 30.7) | 27.6 (25.3, 30.4) | 29.4 (25.7, 33.0) | 30.6 (27.9, 34.4) | 27.3 (25.3, 30.1) | 27.6 (25.3, 30.2) |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) a | 7.5 (6.5, 8.3) | 7.0 (6.2, 7.6) | 5.5 (5.1, 5.9) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.8) | - | - | - | - |
2-hour glucose (mmol/l) b | 12.3 (9.8, 14.9) | 12.1 (10.4, 13.5) | 6.8 (5.8, 8.0) | 6.2 (5.1, 7.3) | - | - | - | - |
Fasting insulin (pmol/l) c | 78.8 (47.9, 99.9) | 81.0 (53.8, 129.4) | 69.3 (47.7, 99.9) | 57.6 (40.5, 81.0) | - | - | - | - |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) d | 50.0 (43.0, 66.0) | 45.0 (40.0, 52.0) | 38.0 (34.0, 40.0) | 38.0 (36.0, 40.0) | 48.6 (44.0, 55.2) | 47.5 (42.3, 51.7) | 37.7 (33.7, 39.4) | 36.6 (34.4, 39.0) |
HbA1c (%) d | 6.7 (6.1, 8.2) | 6.3 (5.8, 6.9) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.8) | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) | 6.6 (6.2, 7.2) | 6.5 (6.0, 6.9) | 5.6 (5.2, 5.8) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.7) |
Fasting status (yes, %) | 23 (51.1) | 113 (61.7) | 98 (96.1) | 1083 (93.2) | 0 (0) | 8 (5.5) | 4 (7.8) | 44 (6.5) |
Education (years) | 10 (8, 11) | 10 (8, 11) | 10 (10, 12) | 10 (10, 12) | 10 (9, 10) | 10 (10, 11) | 10 (10, 12) | 10 (10, 12) |
Physical activity (active, %) e | 5 (11.1) | 60 (33.0) | 36 (35.6) | 524 (45.1) | 7 (36.8) | 80 (54.8) | 21 (41.2) | 398 (59.2) |
Current smoker (%) | 10 (22.2) | 24 (13.1) | 17 (16.7) | 157 (13.5) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (4.1) | 4 (7.8) | 27 (4.0) |
Alcohol consumption (%) e | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 16 (35.6) | 64 (35.2) | 26 (25.7) | 306 (26.4) | 11 (57.9) | 61 (41.8) | 19 (37.3) | 223 (33.2) |
Moderate | 20 (44.4) | 86 (47.2) | 55 (54.5) | 611 (52.6) | 8 (42.1) | 69 (47.3) | 19 (37.3) | 345 (51.3) |
High | 9 (20.0) | 32 (17.6) | 20 (19.8) | 244 (21.0) | 0 (0) | 16 (10.9) | 13 (25.4) | 104 (15.5) |
Medication use (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Antihypertensive drugs | 20 (44.4) | 94 (51.4) | 49 (48.0) | 361 (31.1) | 18 (94.7) | 122 (83.6) | 38 (74.5) | 431 (64.1) |
Statins | 4 (8.9) | 27 (14.8) | 9 (8.8) | 91 (7.8) | 8 (42.1) | 52 (35.6) | 14 (27.5) | 149 (22.2) |
Lipid-lowering drugs | 6 (13.3) | 32 (17.5) | 11 (10.8) | 107 (9.2) | 8 (42.1) | 56 (38.4) | 15 (29.4) | 153 (22.8) |