Table 2 The drugs were approved or investigated in clinical trials by targeting ACC1/2, COL1A1, CPT1A, CT-1, FBP1, PCSK9, and SMAD7

GS-0976

PubChem CID, 71528744

ACC1/2

NASH

Phase 2

[64]

DNL

Phase 1

[65]

PF-05221304

PubChem CID, 57496611

ACC1/2

NASH

Phase 2

[66]

Hepatic Impairment

Phase 1

[67]

MK-4074

PubChem CID, 24964679

ACC1/2

NAFLD

Phase I

[68]

⁶⁸Ga-CBP8

⁶⁸Ga labeled collagen binding PET imaging probe that binds to COL1A1

COL1A1

Radiation-Induced Tissue Injury

Phase 2

[94]

Lung Cancer, and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Phase 1

[95]

Myocardial Fibrosis in Cardiac Amyloidosis

Phase 3

[96]

Early Interstitial Lung Disease

Phase 2

[97]

The efficacy of PLN-74809 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Phase 2

[98]

The efficacy of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled polyglucose nanoparticle (Macrin) in Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Sarcoidosis

Phase 1

[99]

HT-100

PubChem CID, 62894

COL1A1

DMD

Phase 1b/2a

[104]

Solid tumors

Phase 2

[109]

HIV-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma

Phase 2

[110]

RCT-01

Nonbulbar dermal sheath (NBDS) cells that express COL1A1 and COL2A1

COL1A1

Chronic Achilles Tendinosis

Phase 1/2

[120]

Phase 1

[121,122,123]

Etomoxir

PubChem CID, 123823

CPT1A and CPT1B

Heart failure

Phase 2

[125]

Perhexiline

PubChem CID, 4746

CPT1A and CPT2

Angina pectoris

Approved

[87]

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Phase 2

[131]

Teglicar

PubChem CID, 9843897

CPT1A

T2MD

Phase 2

[140]

Recombinant human CT-1

Recombinant protein

CT-1

Reperfusion injury

Phase 2

[171]

PF-06865571

PubChem CID, 134262752

DGAT2

NAFLD, NASH

Phase 2

[75]

Hepatic Impairment

Phase 1

[76]

Drug‒Drug Interaction Study (Metformin)

Phase 1

[77]

IONIS-DGAT2_Rx

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)

DGAT2

NAFLD

Phase 2

[78]

PF-07202954

DGAT2

NAFLD

Phase 1

[79]

PF-06427878

PubChem SID, 381129396

DGAT2

NAFLD

Phase 1

[80, 81]

CS-917

 CS-917 (the prodrug of MB05032)

PubChem CID, 9811837

FBP1

T2DM

Phase 2

[141]

 MB05032

MB07803

PubChem CID, 24770445

FBP1

T2DM

Phase 2a

[148]

Alirocumab

Monoclonal antibodies

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Approved

[164]

Evolocumab

Monoclonal antibodies

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Approved

[164]

Inclisiran

SiRNA

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Approved

[166]

AZD8233

Antisense-oligonucleotide (ASO)

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Phase 2

[167]

Civi-007

ASO

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Phase 2a

[167]

MK-0616

Polypeptide

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Phase 2

[167]

LIB003

A small recombinant fusion protein of PCSK9-binding domain (adnectin)

PCSK9

Hypercholesterolemia

Phase 3

[167, 169]

Mongersen

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide

SMAD7

Crohn's Disease (CD)

Phase 3

[157]