Reduced thoracic skeletal muscle size is associated with adverse outcomes in diabetes patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: quantitative analysis of sarcopenia by using cardiac MRI

Table 2 MRI findings of the study population according to tertiles of thoracic SMI

Variables	First tertile (n = 81)	Second tertile (n = 81)	Third tertile (n = 81)
LVEDV, mL	262.8 (185.8, 339.3)	256.2 (176.4, 316.5)	260.8 (197.9, 308.3)
LVEDV index, mL/m²	152.8 (125.7, 195.5)	148.4 (109.7, 185.7)	147.0 (123.0, 173.8)
LVESV, mL	199.7 (129.3, 285.5)	190.9 (118.7, 261.6)	193.8 (143.4, 239.1)
LVESV index, mL/m²	121.7 (89.4, 163.8)	108.9 (71.2, 147.6)	111.3 (83.2, 135.4)
LVSV, mL	55.4 (39.4, 72.3)	56.3 (45.9, 77.5)	63.1 (47.7, 77.0)
LVSV index, mL/m²	32.5 (24.6, 44.5)	35.6 (25.9, 45.4)	36.1 (28.4, 45.0)
LVEF, %	22.8 ± 8.3	26.9 ± 8.8	26.7 ± 9.1
LVM, g	153.9 ± 37.2	139.9 ± 31.5*	126.3 ± 23.1*†
LVM index, g/m²	92.3 ± 18.0	81.8 ± 18.3*	72.8 ± 14.7*†
MR, n (%)	52 (64.2)	39 (48.1) §	37 (45.7) §
LGE present, n (%)	55 (67.9)	54 (66.7)	60 (74.1)
LGE size, % LVM	27.8 (19.3, 39.7)	23.3 (16.1, 31.6) &	20.6 (13.6, 30.8) &#

Data are presented as mean ± SD, media (Q1, Q3) or number (percentage)
One-way analysis of variance test: * P-value < 0.017 versus patients in the first tertile. † P-value < 0.017 versus patients in the second tertile. Kruskal-Wallis test: & P-value < 0.05 versus patients in the first tertile. # P-value < 0.05 versus patients in the second tertile. Chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test): § P-value < 0.05 versus patients in the first tertile
Abbreviations: SMI, skeletal muscle index; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVSV, left ventricular stroke volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass; MR, mitral regurgitation; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement

ISSN: 1475-2840