Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to tertiles of thoracic SMI
Variables | First tertile (n = 81) | Second tertile (n = 81) | Third tertile (n = 81) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs | 57.8 ± 11.4 | 57.4 ± 10.9 | 55.7 ± 11.9 |
Male, n (%) | 53 (65.4) | 56 (69.1) | 62 (76.5) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 3.8 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 25.5 ± 3.3* |
SBP, mmHg | 120.4 ± 20.9 | 118.0 ± 20.5 | 122.0 ± 20.9 |
DBP, mmHg | 78.2 ± 15.9 | 77.9 ± 14.5 | 80.5 ± 14.8 |
HR, beats/min | 85.9 ± 14.2 | 87.4 ± 18.3 | 85.6 ± 19.1 |
Smoking, n (%) | 39 (48.1) | 38 (46.9) | 45 (55.6) |
Drinking, n (%) | 27 (33.3) | 32 (39.5) | 31 (38.3) |
HF duration, n (%) | |||
≤ 1 yr | 46 (56.8) | 40 (49.4) | 49 (60.5) |
> 1 and ≤ 5 yrs | 22 (27.2) | 21 (25.9) | 25 (30.9) |
> 5 yrs | 13 (16.0) | 20 (24.7) | 7 (8.6) |
NYHA functional class III– IV, n (%) | 68 (80.2) | 60 (74.1) | 58 (71.6) |
Etiology of HF | |||
Ischemia | 25 (30.9) | 29 (35.8) | 24 (29.6) |
Cardiomyopathy | 36 (44.4) | 32 (39.5) | 44 (54.3) |
Other | 20 (24.7) | 20 (24.7) | 13 (16.1) |
Medical history, n (%) | |||
HT | 38 (46.9) | 36 (44.4) | 43 (53.1) |
AF | 16 (19.8) | 18 (22.2) | 11 (13.6) |
Dyslipidemia | 28 (34.6) | 34 (42.0) | 33 (40.7) |
LBBB | 5 (6.3) | 9 (11.1) | 5 (6.3) |
COPD | 11 (13.6) | 4 (4.9) | 7 (8.6) |
SAS | 1 (1.2) | 4 (4.9) | 4 (4.9) |
Laboratory measurements | |||
NT‑proBNP, pg/mL | 3281 (1645, 9909) | 2628 (976, 4958) & | 1709 (669, 3967) &# |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 67.5 ± 28.3 | 74.6 ± 21.5 | 77.1 ± 23.2* |
FBG, mmol/L | 8.2 (6.7, 10.5) | 7.9 (6.5, 10.1) | 7.3 (6.2, 9.2) |
HbA1C, % | 7.4 (6.6, 8.4) | 7.0 (6.2, 8.0) | 6.8 (6.3, 7.9) |
Albumin, g/L | 38.9 ± 5.3 | 41.6 ± 4.1* | 41.7 ± 4.2* |
TG, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) |
TC, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.5, 4.7) | 3.9 (3.1, 4.6) | 4.1 (3.3, 4.8) |
HDL‑C, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
LDL‑C, mmol/L | 2.4 (1.9, 2.9) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) | 2.5 (1.8, 2.9) |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 132.7 ± 26.3 | 135.8 ± 22.7* | 145.3 ± 22.3*†|
Cardiovascular medications, n (%) | |||
Beta‑blocker | 60 (74.1) | 65 (80.2) | 65 (80.2) |
ACEI/ARB | 57 (70.4) | 63 (77.8) | 64 (79.0) |
SGLT-2i | 27 (33.3) | 26 (32.1) | 30 (37.0) |
Diuretics | 68 (84.0) | 69 (85.2) | 67 (82.7) |
ARNI | 31 (38.3) | 27 (33.3) | 34 (41.9) |
CCB | 11 (13.6) | 7 (8.6) | 14 (17.3) |
Anti‑thrombotic agents | 43 (53.1) | 45 (55.6) | 49 (60.5) |
Statins | 38 (46.9) | 39 (48.1) | 41 (50.6) |
Digoxin | 20 (24.7) | 20 (24.7) | 8 (9.9) §λ |