Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants with and without prediabetes

Participants

100,309

87,957

12,352

Age, years

42.91 ± 12.45

42.05 ± 12.04

49.00 ± 13.59

Male, n (%)

52,130 (51.97)

44,395 (50.47)

7735 (62.62)

Smoking status, n (%)

Current

5349 (5.33)

4509 (5.13)

840 (6.80)

Once

1090 (1.09)

935 (1.06)

155 (1.25)

Never

21,199 (21.13)

18,877 (21.46)

2322 (18.80)

Not recorded

72,671 (72.45)

63,636 (72.35)

9035 (73.15)

Drinking status, n (%)

Current

639 (0.64)

539 (0.61)

100 (0.81)

Once

4548 (4.53)

3944 (4.48)

604 (4.89)

Never

22,451 (22.38)

19,838 (22.55)

2613 (21.15)

Not recorded

72,671 (72.45)

63,636 (72.35)

9035 (73.15)

Family history of diabetes, n (%)

2208 (2.20)

1898 (2.16)

310 (2.51)

BMI, kg/m²

23.10 ± 3.22

22.91 ± 3.17

24.38 ± 3.25

SBP, mmHg

118.08 ± 16.08

117.08 ± 15.61

125.17 ± 17.51

DBP, mmHg

73.76 ± 10.77

73.21 ± 10.57

77.61 ± 11.38

FPG, mmol/L

4.79 ± 0.47

4.75 ± 0.47

5.03 ± 0.40

ALT, U/L

17.80 (12.80,26.50)

17.20 (12.50,26.00)

21.00 (14.70,31.00)

AST, U/L

23.71 (23.00,23.71)

23.71 (23.00,23.71)

23.71 (23.00,23.71)

Scr, umol/L

69.90 ± 15.64

69.44 ± 15.60

73.17 ± 15.52

BUN, mmol/L

4.63 ± 1.15

4.61 ± 1.14

4.84 ± 1.15

TC, mmol/L

4.75 ± 0.88

4.72 ± 0.88

4.92 ± 0.90

TG, mmol/L

1.06 (0.74,1.58)

1.02 (0.72,1.52)

1.30 (0.90,1.94)

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.38 ± 0.30

1.39 ± 0.31

1.34 ± 0.29

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.74 ± 0.67

2.73 ± 0.67

2.84 ± 0.67

LCI

9.72 (5.45,18.28)

9.28 (5.27,17.40)

13.62 (7.44,24.44)

AIP

-0.11(-0.30,0.10)

−0.12(−0.31,0.08)

−0.003(−0.20,0.20)

Non-HDL- C

3.37 ± 0.86

3.34 ± 0.85

3.58 ± 0.87

AC

2.58 ± 0.99

2.55 ± 0.98

2.81 ± 1.02

CRI-I

3.58 ± 0.99

3.55 ± 0.98

3.81 ± 1.02

CRI-II

2.08 ± 0.70

2.06 ± 0.70

2.21 ± 0.71

RC

0.56 (0.35,0.84)

0.55 (0.34,0.82)

0.67 (0.44,0.96)

RC/HDL-C ratio

0.41 (0.24,0.67)

0.40 (0.23,0.65)

0.50 (0.31,0.78)

METS-IR

33.20 ± 6.37

32.81 ± 6.26

35.92 ± 6.41

CDRS

14 (9,19)

13 (9,18)

19 (14,24)