Fig. 5
Models for predicting mortality in CAD patients based on characteristic metabolites. A For the discovery cohort and B For the validation cohort. Clinical model: The clinical variables selected by LASSO regression are age, AST, CREA, proBNP, and gender. Metabolic model: The metabolites selected by LASSO regression are 3-hydroxybutyrate, CE(16:1), CE(18:3), Cer(d18:1/16:1), D-arabinose, D-glucopyranose, hexadecanoic acid(C16: 0), L-pipecolic acid, PC(16:1/18:1), PC(16:1/20:3), PC(18:0/18:3), PC(18:0/20:2), PC(20:1/20:5), PC(22:1/22:2), phenyllactate, pipecolinic acid, and TG(16:1/16:1/18:2). Combined Model: This model integrates both clinical and metabolite variables for prediction