Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Clinical characteristics | Type 2 diabetes mellitus n = 416 162 | Controls n = 2 081 087 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64.1 (12.3) | 64.1 (12.3) | |
Female sex | 190 278 (45.7) | 951 478 (45.7) | |
Age at diagnosis | 58.5 (12.7) | – | |
Duration of diabetes at entry into registry (years) | 5.5 (7.0) | – | |
BMI (k/m2) | 30 (5.4) | – | |
Medical history | |||
Smoking | 54 581 (16.3) | – | |
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 140.0 (18.3) | – | |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 78.9 (9.9) | – | |
Acute myocardial infarction | 35 386 (8.5) | 79 016 (3.8) | < 0.0001 |
Coronary heart disease | 67 130 (16.1) | 160 921 (7.7) | < 0.0001 |
Stroke | 25 285 (6.1) | 74 276 (3.6) 51 653 (2.5) | < 0.0001 |
Heart failure | 24 134 (5.8) | < 0.0001 | |
Amputation | 1 444 (0.3) | 1 573 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
End stage renal disease | 954 (0.2) | 2432 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
Arrythmias | |||
Atrial fibrillation | 27 207 (6.5) | 82 971 (4.0) | < 0.0001 |
Ventricular tachycardia | 979 (0.2) | 2951 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
Ventricular fibrillation | 302 (0.1) | 882 (0.0004) | < 0.0001 |
AV-block I | 500 (0.1) | 1701 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
AV-block II | 275 (0.1) | 852 (0.04) | < 0.0001 |
AV-block III | 710 (0.2) | 2212 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
Sick sinus syndrome | 1120 (0.3) | 4184 (0.2) | < 0.0001 |
Laboratory findings | |||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 54.6 (15.0) | – | |
HbA1c (%) | 7.1 (3.5) | – | |
LDL (mmol/liter) | 3.0 (1.0) | – | |
HDL (mmol/liter) | 1.3 (0.4) | – | |
Triglycerides | 1.9 (1.2) | – | |
Micro albuminuria | 35 405 (15.1) | – | |
Macro albuminuria | 19 277 (6.63) | – | |
Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 81.7 (25.2) | – | |
Treatments | |||
Statins | 155 410 (39.9) | – | |
Antihypertensive medication | 246 912 (63.2) | – | |
Diabetes treatment | |||
Diet only | 156 368 (37.6) | – | |
Oral drugs | 178 642 (42.9) | – | |
Insulin | 42 631 (10.3) | – | |
Oral drugs and insulin | 38 521 (9.3) | – | |
Marital status | |||
Married | 222 432 (53.4) | 1 166 127 (56) | |
Separated | 70 218 (16.9) | 334 839 (16.1) | |
Single | 67 236 (16.2) | 321 102 (15.4) | |
Widowed | 56 276 (13.5) | 258 923 (12.4) | |
Educational level (years) | |||
≥ 9 | 174 081 (42.8) | 727 966 (35.6) | |
10–12 | 166 527 (40.9) | 816 933 (39.9) | |
College/university | 66 191 (16.3) | 502 403 (24.5) | |
Country of birth | |||
Sweden | 339 403 (81.6) | 1 818 840 (87.4) | |
Europe except Sweden | 44 941 (10.8) | 189 765 (9.1) | |
Rest of the world | 31 818 (7.6) | 72 482 (3.5) | |