Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
Characteristic | Total (n = 3047) | Non-MAFLD (n = 1578) | MAFLD (n = 1469) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, year | 61.2 ± 6.7 | 61.3 ± 6.7 | 61.1 ± 6.6 | 0.37 |
Male sex, n (%) | 1420 (46.6) | 665 (42.1) | 755 (51.4) |  < 0.001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 627 (20.6) | 310 (19.7) | 317 (21.6) | 0.19 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 574 (18.8) | 254 (16.1) | 320 (21.8) |  < 0.001 |
Body mass index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 21.9 ± 2.1 | 25.8 ± 2.6 |  < 0.001 |
Waist circumference, mean ± SD, cm | 86.7 ± 8.9 | 81.1 ± 6.5 | 92.8 ± 6.9 |  < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | 129.3 ± 16.3 | 126.3 ± 16.4 | 132.5 ± 15.6 |  < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | 75.2 ± 9.0 | 73.3 ± 8.7 | 77.3 ± 9.0 |  < 0.001 |
Platelet count, mean ± SD, × 109/L | 211.4 ± 56.9 | 209.1 ± 57.6 | 213.8 ± 56.1 | 0.02 |
AST, median (25th–75th), U/L | 22.0 (19.0–26.0) | 21.0 (18.0–25.0) | 23.0 (19.0–28.0) |  < 0.001 |
ALT, median (25th–75th), U/L | 18.0 (14.0–26.0) | 16.0 (13.0–21.0) | 23.0 (17.0–31.0) |  < 0.001 |
GGT, median (25th–75th), U/L | 23.0 (16.0–35.0) | 17.0 (14.0–23.0) | 31.0 (23.0–51.0) |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mean ± SD, mg/dL | 203.9 ± 38.4 | 199.0 ± 37.0 | 209.1 ± 39.2 |  < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mean ± SD, mg/dL | 52.7 ± 13.0 | 57.2 ± 13.1 | 47.9 ± 11.2 |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mean ± SD, mg/dL | 107.2 ± 30.6 | 105.8 ± 29.3 | 108.6 ± 31.9 | 0.01 |
Triglycerides, median (25th–75th), mg/dL | 129.2 (92.0–189.4) | 100.0 (77.0–130.1) | 176.1 (131.9–244.3) |  < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.8 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c, mean ± SD, % | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 6.1 ± 1.1 |  < 0.001 |
eGFR, mean ± SD, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 101.9 ± 12.7 | 102.6 ± 11.8 | 101.2 ± 13.7 | 0.003 |
Uric acid, mean ± SD, μmol/L | 340.6 ± 86.2 | 316.2 ± 75.7 | 366.7 ± 89.2 |  < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR, median (25th–75th) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 2.1 (1.6–3.1) |  < 0.001 |
Family history of ASCVD, n (%) | 612 (20.1) | 298 (18.9) | 314 (21.4) | 0.09 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 658 (21.6) | 232 (14.7) | 426 (29.0) |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1311 (43.0) | 514 (32.6) | 797 (54.3) |  < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1271 (41.7) | 452 (28.6) | 819 (55.8) |  < 0.001 |
Concomitant medication, n (%) | ||||
 Antihypertensive | 817 (26.8) | 300 (19.0) | 517 (35.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Lipid lowering | 118 (3.9) | 50 (3.2) | 68 (4.6) | 0.04 |
 Antidiabetic | 271 (8.9) | 100 (6.3) | 171 (11.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Antiplatelet | 79 (2.6) | 29 (1.8) | 50 (3.4) | 0.007 |
 Anticoagulants | 4 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.3) | 0.04 |