Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects with diabetes according to ABSI category
Variables | ABSI, m11/6 kg− 2/3 (n = 34,686) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 0.073 | 0.073 to < 0.076 | 0.076 to < 0.078 | 0.078 to < 0.081 | ≥ 0.081 | ||
(n = 5,959) | (n = 7,463) | (n = 6,105) | (n = 7,629) | (n = 7,530) | ||
Sex, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Men | 1,494(25.07) | 3,537(47.39) | 3,812(62.44) | 5,318(69.71) | 5,354(71.10) |  |
 Women | 4,465(74.93) | 3,926(52.61) | 2,293(37.56) | 2,311(30.29) | 2,176(28.90) |  |
Age, mean (SD), years | 47.42(12.31) | 50.82(11.85) | 52.81(11.64) | 55.69(11.34) | 61.00(10.97) | < 0.0001 |
 18–44 | 2,413(40.49) | 2,325(31.15) | 1,572(25.75) | 1,352(17.72) | 600(7.97) |  |
 45–64 | 3,107(52.14) | 4,227(56.64) | 3,587(58.76) | 4,564(59.82) | 3,970(52.72) |  |
 ≥ 65 | 439(7.37) | 911(12.21) | 946(15.50) | 1,713(22.45) | 2,960(39.31) |  |
Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Single | 832(13.96) | 597(8.00) | 397(6.50) | 316(4.14) | 161(2.14) |  |
 Married | 3,971(66.64) | 5,358(71.79) | 4,535(74.28) | 5,824(76.34) | 5,669(75.29) |  |
 Widowed/Divorce | 709(11.90) | 922(12.35) | 700(11.47) | 909(11.92) | 1,166(15.48) |  |
 Unknown | 447(7.50) | 586(7.85) | 473(7.75) | 580(7.60) | 534(7.09) |  |
Education, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Illiterate | 378(6.34) | 599(8.03) | 488(7.99) | 638(8.36) | 1,024(13.60) |  |
 Junior secondary school or below | 1,847(31.00) | 2,417(32.39) | 1,995(32.68) | 2,723(35.69) | 3,225(42.83) |  |
 Senior secondary school | 1,255(21.06) | 1,502(20.13) | 1,171(19.18) | 1,479(19.39) | 1,245(16.53) |  |
 College or above | 2,176(36.52) | 2,572(34.46) | 2,147(35.17) | 2,393(31.37) | 1,621(21.53) |  |
 Unknown | 303(5.08) | 373(5.00) | 304(4.98) | 396(5.19) | 415(5.51) |  |
Smoking, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Never | 4,774(80.11) | 5,142(68.90) | 3,735(61.18) | 4,280(56.10) | 3,963(52.63) |  |
 Quit | 237(3.98) | 499(6.69) | 563(9.22) | 855(11.21) | 981(13.03) |  |
 Current | 646(10.84) | 1,379(18.48) | 1,464(23.98) | 2,055(26.94) | 2,109(28.01) |  |
 Unknown | 302(5.07) | 443(5.94) | 343(5.62) | 439(5.75) | 477(6.33) |  |
Alcohol drinking, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Never | 4,678(78.50) | 5,406(72.44) | 4,089(66.98) | 4,792(62.81) | 4,483(59.54) |  |
 Quit | 175(2.94) | 276(3.70) | 296(4.85) | 460(6.03) | 592(7.86) |  |
 Current | 531(8.91) | 1,059(14.19) | 1,185(19.41) | 1,664(21.81) | 1,752(23.27) |  |
 Unknown | 575(9.65) | 722(9.67) | 535(8.76) | 713(9.35) | 703(9.34) |  |
Leisure time physical activity, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Sedentary | 132(2.22) | 156(2.09) | 133(2.18) | 151(1.98) | 110(1.46) |  |
 Light activity | 3,724(62.49) | 4,551(60.98) | 3,597(58.92) | 4,494(58.91) | 4,501(59.77) |  |
 Moderate activity | 728(12.22) | 900(12.06) | 751(12.30) | 879(11.52) | 576(7.65) |  |
 Vigorous activity | 397(6.66) | 491(6.58) | 449(7.35) | 529(6.93) | 408(5.42) |  |
 Unknown | 978(16.41) | 1,365(18.29) | 1,175(19.25) | 1,576(20.66) | 1,935(25.70) |  |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 401(6.73) | 646(8.66) | 634(10.38) | 967(12.68) | 1,496(19.87) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1,766(29.64) | 2,477(33.19) | 2,113(34.61) | 2,854(37.41) | 3,205(42.56) | < 0.0001 |
Anti-hyperglycemic drugs, n (%) | 2,413(40.49) | 2,836(38.00) | 2,345(38.41) | 3,118(40.87) | 3,501(46.49) | < 0.0001 |
Cancer, n (%) | 159(2.67) | 189(2.53) | 152(2.49) | 200(2.62) | 240(3.19) | 0.070 |
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 399(6.70) | 528(7.07) | 503(8.24) | 762(9.99) | 1,017(13.51) | < 0.0001 |
Stroke, n (%) | 37(0.62) | 59(0.79) | 72(1.18) | 128(1.68) | 227(3.01) | < 0.0001 |
Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.81(1.60) | 6.10(1.63) | 6.21(1.66) | 6.27(1.68) | 6.30(1.73) | < 0.0001 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL* | 4.87(0.63) | 5.03(0.62) | 5.09(0.63) | 5.11(0.63) | 5.14(0.60) | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 204.58(41.29) | 209.80(42.77) | 211.02(43.45) | 209.78(43.43) | 211.27(45.64) | < 0.0001 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 148.76(53.72) | 157.36(55.40) | 161.35(56.58) | 164.38(57.92) | 168.07(61.50) | < 0.0001 |