Incident cardiac arrhythmias associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide histology cohort study

Simon, Tracey G.; Ebrahimi, Fahim; Roelstraete, Bjorn; Hagström, Hannes; Sundström, Johan; Ludvigsson, Jonas F.

doi:10.1186/s12933-023-02070-5

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Adults with Histologically-Confirmed MASLD and Matched Population Controls, at the Index Date (1966–2016)*

From: Incident cardiac arrhythmias associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide histology cohort study

Characteristic	Population controls N = 51,856	All MASLD N = 11,206	Simple Steatosis N = 7642	MASH without fibrosis N = 1257	Non-Cirrhotic Fibrosis N = 1695	Cirrhosis N = 612
Sex, n (%)
Men	28,055 [54.1]	6140 [54.8]	4236 [55.4]	652 [51.9]	913 [53.9]	339 [55.4]
Women	23,801 [45.9]	5066 [45.2]	3406 [44.6]	605 [48.1]	782 [46.1]	273 [44.6]
Age
Mean (SD)	52.68 [14.7]	53.2 [14.8]	52.3 [15.0]	52.9 [15.2]	55.1 [14.1]	59.4 [11.6]
Median (IQR)	54.0 [42.0–64.0]	55.0 [43.0–64.0]	53.0 [41.0–64.0]	54.0 [42.0–64.0]	57.0 [46.0–66.0]	62.0 [53.0–67.0]
Country of birth, n (%)
Nordic country	47,406 [91.42]	10,070 [89.86]	6927 [90.64]	1113 [88.54]	1477 [87.14]	553 [90.36]
Other	4447 [8.58]	1136 [10.14]	715 [9.36]	144 [11.46]	218 [12.86]	59 [9.64]
Missing	3 [0.01]	0 [0.00]	0 [0.00]	0 [0.00]	0 [0.00]	0 [0.00]
Education level¹, n (%)
≤ 9 years	2986 [22.08]	682 [22.19]	342 [20.90]	96 [22.91]	197 [23.65]	47 [25.27]
10–12 years	5902 [43.65]	1406 [45.74]	727 [44.44]	214 [51.07]	376 [45.14]	89 [47.85]
≥ 13 years	4364 [32.27]	740 [24.07]	419 [25.61]	76 [18.14]	214 [25.69]	31 [16.67]
Missing	270 [2.00]	246 [8.00]	148 [9.05]	33 [7.88]	46 [5.52]	19 [10.22]
Start of follow-up, year
1966–1989	9164 [17.67]	1906 [17.01]	1535 [20.09]	145 [11.54]	114 [6.73]	112 [18.30]
1990–2005	30,412 [58.65]	6501 [58.01]	4632 [60.61]	725 [57.68]	816 [48.14]	328 [53.59]
2006–2016	12,280 [23.68]	2799 [24.98]	1475 [19.30]	387 [30.79]	765 [45.13]	172 [28.10]
Comorbidities², n (%)
Cardiovascular disease	4817 [9.29]	1809 [16.14]	1093 [14.30]	212 [16.87]	369 [21.77]	135 [22.06]
Any Metabolic Comorbidity	3995 [7.70]	1894 [16.90]	980 [12.82]	259 [20.60]	499 [29.44]	156 [25.49]
• Diabetes	1141 [2.20]	987 [8.81]	473 [6.19]	125 [9.94]	266 [15.69]	123 [20.10]
• Obesity	79 [0.15]	158 [1.41]	79 [1.03]	21 [1.67]	37 [2.18]	21 [3.43]
• Hypertension	3285 [6.33]	1595 [14.23]	812 [10.63]	215 [17.10]	423 [24.96]	145 [23.69]
• Dyslipidemia	2071 [3.99]	815 [7.27]	387 [5.06]	117 [9.31]	244 [14.40]	67 [10.95]
Chronic Kidney Disease	186 [0.36]	125 [1.12]	70 [0.92]	16 [1.27]	31 [1.83]	8 [1.31]
Family history of early CVD	1859 [3.58]	291 [2.60]	196 [2.56]	39 [3.10]	43 [2.54]	13 [2.12]

All variables reported as mean (SD) or %, unless described otherwise. For definitions of the MASLD histological groups and all covariates, see the Appendix
MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MASH, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; CVD, cardiovascular disease; N., number; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range
^*The index date was defined as the date of index liver biopsy (among patients with MASLD) or the corresponding matching date, among population controls, as per the Methods
¹Education categories shown in the table were based on compulsory school, high school, and college (see eMethods). Education level was recorded beginning in 1990, thus data presented are for persons with index dates on or after January 1, 1990. For all other analyses, persons with index dates prior to 1990 had education level recorded as missing
²All covariates were defined as per Table S3. Any metabolic comorbidity was defined as: ≥ 1 metabolic risk factors (i.e. dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and/or obesity). Family history of early CVD was defined as a recorded diagnosis of CVD in a first-degree family member before the age of 50 years (as per Additional file 1: Table S3)

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