Fig. 1

The correlation of CCL7 in cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease in this review article. CCL7 can be induced in endothelial cells, VSMCs, and THP-1 under the stimulation of PMA, TNF-α or LPS. CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5 are the functional receptor of CCL7. CCL7 can recruit immune cells that express associated receptors, which may result in inflammatory related disease, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease. CCR1: CC chemokine receptor 1; CCR2: CC chemokine receptor 2; CCR3: CC chemokine receptor 3; CCR5: CC chemokine receptor 5; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-12A/B: interleukin-12A/B; JAK2: Janus kinase 2; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinases; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; STAT1: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; THP-1: myelomonocytic cells; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells