Table 1 Comprehensive inclusion and exclusion criteria

Adults (aged ≥20 years)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2DM with HbA1c ≥6.0% and <10.0%, unchanged dosage of glucose-lowering agent(s) within 1 month before consent is provided, investigator considers the patient can start or add/switch to the trial drug

History of diabetic ketoacidosis or diabetic coma within the last 6 months

Severe renal dysfunction (eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m² or undergoing dialysis)

Patients with at least one of the following conditions:

Serious liver dysfunction (AST or ALT is 3 times higher than site reference value)

 CHF (NYHA classification I–III, systolic or diastolic failure) not changed NYHA classification and receiving unchanged heart failure medication within 1 month before consent is provided

CHF (NYHA classification IV)

Hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg)

Pituitary gland dysfunction or adrenal gland dysfunction

 History of CAD (myocardial infarction and angina) or cerebral infarction

History of CAD, cerebrovascular disease, or TIA within 3 months before consent

 Previous coronary revascularization (PCI and CABG)

History of coronary revascularization (PCI and CABG) within 3 months before consent

 Presence of coronary artery stenosis ≥50% luminal narrowing depicted by angiography or MSCT

Patients received SGLT2 inhibitor within 1 month before consent

 Diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans

Patients who received an explanation of the study and provided written informed consent

Pregnant or suspected pregnancy

Lactating

History of hypersensitivity to ingredients of empagliflozin

Considered inappropriate for the study by investigators due to other reasons, such as malignant complications