Table 1 Baseline demographic and laboratory characteristics of the study participants developing or not developing type 2 diabetes at the follow-up
Variable | All participants (n = 1817) | Not developing type 2 diabetes (n = 1544) | Developing type 2 diabetes (n = 273) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53.5 ± 6.7 | 53.1 ± 6.4 | 55.7 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
Male (%) | 47.9 | 48.1 | 47.3 | 0.844 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 2.6 | 25.4 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 110.3 ± 13.5 | 109.4 ± 13.3 | 115.1 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.6 ± 9.5 | 74.3 ± 9.6 | 76.1 ± 9.1 | 0.002 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 65.0 ± 6.9 | 64.9 ± 6.9 | 65.4 ± 6.9 | 0.318 |
Hypertension (%) | 22.1 | 19.7 | 35.9 | <0.001 |
Antihypertensive therapy (%) | 16.8 | 14.5 | 29.7 | <0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 90.9 ± 8.4 | 89.9 ± 7.8 | 96.3 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 134.3 ± 30.6 | 129.8 ± 28.4 | 160.0 ± 29.7 | <0.001 |
Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) | 8.70 ± 4.03 | 8.52 ± 3.99 | 9.71 ± 4.12 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.43 ± 0.35 | 5.39 ± 0.33 | 5.65 ± 0.38 | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.97 ± 0.98 | 1.91 ± 0.95 | 2.33 ± 1.06 | <0.001 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 17.5 | 16.6 | 22.7 | 0.016 |
Glucose metabolism (%) | <0.001 | |||
 NGM | 43.4 | 49.2 | 10.6 |  |
 Prediabetes | 56.6 | 50.8 | 89.4 |  |
Current smoker (%) | 13.5 | 14.3 | 9.2 | 0.021 |
Current alcohol drinker (%) | 50.0 | 50.1 | 49.5 | 0.896 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.5 ± 34.2 | 202.1 ± 34.5 | 204.8 ± 32.9 | 0.217 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.5 ± 10.6 | 45.9 ± 10.6 | 43.5 ± 10.5 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 134.6 ± 83.0 | 129.6 ± 79.5 | 162.3 ± 96.1 | <0.001 |
Statin therapy (%) | 2.5 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 0.007 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.39 ± 4.17 | 1.28 ± 3.93 | 2.03 ± 5.31 | 0.006 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 ± 0.15 | 0.95 ± 0.14 | 0.96 ± 0.16 | 0.282 |