Variable | Quarter 1 | Quarter 2 | Quarter 3 | Quarter 4 | P a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 347 | 208 | 277 | 275 | Â |
IL-22 (pg/ml; range) | 1.95–1.95 | 3.90–6.74 | 6.78–13.33 | 13.36–74.39 |  |
Age (years) | 69.6 ± 5.3 | 70.2 ± 5.5 | 70.3 ± 5.1 | 70.9 ± 5.7 | 0.002 |
Sex (% male) | 31.7 | 48.6 | 57.4 | 73.1 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 4.6 | 28.7 ± 4.5 | 29.5 ± 4.1 | 28.7 ± 4.5 | 0.007 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)b | 5.45 ± 0.85 | 5.49 ± 0.62 | 5.56 ± 0.65 | 5.50 ± 0.62 | 0.483 |
2-h glucose (mmol/l)b | 7.05 ± 2.28 | 7.13 ± 2.25 | 7.31 ± 2.39 | 7.04 ± 2.29 | 0.697 |
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)b | 29.1 (19.8; 45.8) | 27.0 (19.8; 43.5) | 31.8 (21.0; 64.5) | 31.5 (21.0; 57.6) | <0.001 |
2-h insulin (pmol/l)b | 307.8 (175.8; 474.0) | 319.8 (156.0; 506.2) | 372.6 (219.0; 597.6) | 321.3 (192.3; 583.4) | 0.004 |
HOMA-IRb | 1.17 (0.75; 1.92) | 1.11 (0.79; 1.80) | 1.31 (0.81; 2.71) | 1.24 (0.80; 2.49) | <0.001 |
ISI (composite) (1/((mmol/l)x(pmol/l)))b | 18.0 (10.4; 27.5) | 17.7 (10.4; 32.4) | 14.4 (8.6; 24.5) | 16.5 (9.0; 27.4) | 0.869 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.61 ± 0.47 | 5.60 ± 0.35 | 5.65 ± 0.34 | 5.63 ± 0.38 | 0.419 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 38 ± 5 | 38 ± 4 | 38 ± 4 | 38 ± 4 | 0.419 |
Glucose tolerance status: NGT/IFG/IGT/IFG&IGT/ndT2D/T2D (%) | 43.8/16.1/12.1/11.5/5.2/11.2 | 41.3/19.2/8.7/11.1/7.7/12.0 | 34.7/22.0/8.7/9.7/7.9/17.0 | 36.7/18.5/9.1/12.0/5.8/17.8 | 0.766 |
Hypertension (%) | 59.4 | 56.5 | 67.0 | 67.0 | 0.628 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)c | 6.13 ± 1.05 | 5.95 ± 0.99 | 5.84 ± 0.99 | 5.69 ± 0.96 | 0.002 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)c | 3.88 ± 0.95 | 3.84 ± 0.86 | 3.81 ± 0.88 | 3.63 ± 0.88 | 0.072 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)c | 1.56 ± 0.38 | 1.48 ± 0.34 | 1.37 ± 0.35 | 1.35 ± 0.36 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l)c | 1.26 (0.91; 1.74) | 1.22 (0.92; 1.64) | 1.31 (1.01; 1.85) | 1.30 (0.91; 1.84) | 0.635 |
Use of lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 24.2 | 23.2 | 26.4 | 23.8 | 0.865 |
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 79.7 ± 12.8 | 77.3 ± 13.8 | 74.9 ± 14.8 | 73.3 ± 17.7 | <0.001 |
eGFRÂ <Â 60Â ml/min per 1.73Â m2) (%) | 6.9 | 13.9 | 16.6 | 21.8 | <0.001 |
Smoking (never/former/current) (%) | 61.4/35.4/3.2 | 53.8/38.0/8.2 | 47.5/44.2/8.3 | 38.6/49.3/12.1 | <0.001 |
Physically active (%) | 53.6 | 51.4 | 49.6 | 44.5 | 0.174 |
hs C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 1.44 (0.70; 2.87) | 1.38 (0.72; 2.91) | 1.59 (0.87; 3.21) | 1.94 (0.89; 3.90) | 0.310 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.43 (0.93; 2.28) | 1.52 (1.03; 2.12) | 1.70 (1.27; 2.51) | 1.92 (1.33; 2.92) | 0.586 |
IL-18 (pg/ml) | 296.0 (228.0; 379.0) | 308.0 (251.5; 412.0) | 344.5 (269.2; 433.8) | 342.5 (263.8; 451.2) | 0.032 |
Tumour necrosis factor α (pg/ml) | 1.91 (1.40; 2.77) | 1.84 (1.38; 2.42) | 2.18 (1.61; 3.17) | 2.22 (1.63; 3.16) | 0.305 |
IL-1 receptor antagonist (pg/ml) | 295.7 (224.1; 393.3) | 289.1 (235.0; 384.1) | 326.2 (247.3; 432.2) | 323.1 (248.4; 446.1) | <0.001 |
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ng/ml) | 228.4 ± 53.9 | 235.9 ± 49.9 | 241.8 ± 58.0 | 246.1 ± 67.7 | <0.001 |
Adiponectin (µg/ml) | 11.62 (8.13; 17.25) | 9.87 (6.79; 14.82) | 8.82 (5.68; 13.8) | 9.30 (5.94; 12.88) | 0.311 |