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Table 2 Relationship between sex-standardized betatrophin quartiles and cardiometabolic risk factors

From: Vitamin D modifies the associations between circulating betatrophin and cardiometabolic risk factors among youths at risk for metabolic syndrome

Parameters

Betatrophin

P value

Q1 (n = 138)

Q2 (n = 139)

Q3 (n = 138)

Q4 (n = 138)

Male gender, n (%)

73 (52.9 %)

73 (52.5 %)

73 (52.9 %)

73 (52.9 %)

/

Age (years)

20.5 ± 3.1

20.0 ± 2.8

19.8 ± 2.9

20.4 ± 2.9

0.170

Obesity traits

BMI (kg/m2)

25.5 ± 5.5

24.7 ± 5.2

25.9 ± 6.0

26.6 ± 5.9

0.051

WC (cm)

85.1 ± 13.8

83.1 ± 13.5

85.2 ± 15.5

87.3 ± 15.2

0.120

Percent body fat

30.1 ± 10.2

29.4 ± 9.5

30.2 ± 10.3

31.5 ± 10.4

0.346

Pressures (mm Hg)

SBP

115 ± 14.9

113 ± 12.1

115 ± 13.5

116 ± 15.5

0.331

DBP

72 ± 10.7

73 ± 10.5

72.9 ± 9.5

75 ± 11.3

0.402

Lipids (mmol/l)

TC

4.27 ± 0.82

4.19 ± 0.82

4.29 ± 0.79

4.65 ± 1.17*,+,$

<0.001

TG

0.98 ± 0.53

1.02 ± 0.44

1.17 ± 0.85*

1.37 ± 1.23*,+

<0.001

LDL-C

2.49 ± 0.71

2.40 ± 0.73

2.47 ± 0.66

2.77 ± 0.98*,+,$

<0.001

HDL-C

1.44 ± 0.29

1.42 ± 0.31

1.43 ± 0.35

1.45 ± 0.34

0.870

Glucose and insulin-related traits

Glucose0 (mmol/l)

4.86 ± 0.51

4.97 ± 1.12

4.89 ± 0.44

4.95 ± 0.48

0.495

Glucose30 (mmol/l)

7.79 ± 1.33

7.99 ± 1.80

7.91 ± 1.42

8.05 ± 1.43

0.545

Glucose120 (mmol/l)

5.92 ± 1.30

6.01 ± 2.68

6.18 ± 1.45

6.15 ± 1.65

0.631

HbA1c (%)

5.34 ± 0.37

5.42 ± 0.66

5.35 ± 0.36

5.40 ± 0.48

0.515

Insulin0 (mU/L)a

1.91 ± 0.71

1.88 ± 0.66

1.96 ± 0.74

1.98 ± 0.84

0.665

Insulin30 (mU/L)a

4.30 ± 0.72

4.20 ± 0.63

4.31 ± 0.76

4.20 ± 0.78

0.460

Insulin120 (mU/L)a

3.61 ± 0.79

3.53 ± 0.79

3.61 ± 0.70

3.65 ± 0.90

0.661

HOMA-IRa

0.37 ± 0.75

0.36 ± 0.70

0.43 ± 0.75

0.46 ± 0.87

0.636

ISI aM

1.79 ± 0.65

1.83 ± 0.58

1.77 ± 0.65

1.79 ± 0.72

0.872

IGIa

0.29 ± 0.84

0.16 ± 0.76

0.26 ± 0.83

0.16 ± 0.80

0.423

DIOa

2.09 ± 0.87

2.00 ± 0.79

2.02 ± 0.65

1.93 ± 0.77

0.436

Hepar and renal-related traits

AST (IU/L)a

2.91 ± 0.25

2.96 ± 0.35

2.94 ± 0.28

2.97 ± 0.39

0.412

ALT (IU/L)a

2.92 ± 0.49

2.94 ± 0.52

2.95 ± 0.53

3.04 ± 0.60

0.248

Creatinine (umol/L)a

4.17 ± 0.19

4.19 ± 0.23

4.19 ± 0.19

4.22 ± 0.28

0.333

Uric acid (umol/L)a

5.80 ± 0.26

5.83 ± 0.25

5.86 ± 0.30

5.88 ± 0.27

0.098

Adipokines

FGF21 (pg/ml)a

4.41 ± 1.00

4.34 ± 1.03

4.44 ± 1.16

4.41 ± 1.30

0.914

Adiponectin (μg/mL)a

1.88 ± 0.65

1.94 ± 0.57

1.90 ± 0.68

1.89 ± 0.75

0.885

Betatrophin (pg/ml)a

5.37 ± 0.15

5.66 ± 0.09*

5.82 ± 0.08*,+

6.24 ± 0.43*,+,$

<0.001

Vitamin D (ng/ml)a

2.70 ± 0.36

2.70 ± 0.41

2.64 ± 0.35

2.53 ± 0.47*,+

0.003

  1. Data were expressed as n (%), mean ± SD
  2. One-way ANOVA where differences versus quintile 1 are indicated as * P < 0.05, differences versus quintile 2 are indicated as + P < 0.05, differences versus quintile 3 are indicated as $ P < 0.05. Quartile values of betatrophin are expressed as Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 (pg/ml). For female: Q1, 127.5–41.8; Q2, 241.8–87.0; Q3, 287.0–56.9; Q4, 356.9–438.5. For male: Q1, 142.2–76.8; Q2, 276.8–29.3; Q3, 329.3–89.5; Q4, 389.5–475.6
  3. Values in italics are significant at P < 0.05
  4. BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; SBP Systolic blood pressure; DBP Diastolic blood pressure; TC total cholesterol; TG triglycerides; LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; ISIM insulin sensitivity Matsuda index; IGI insulinogenesis index; DIO oral disposition index; AST aspartate aminotransferase; ALT alanine aminotransferase; FGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21
  5. aSkewed distributions were natural logarithmically transformed. Vitamin D was adjusting for visiting season
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840