Table 1 General characteristics by quartiles of serum vitamin D levels in men (n = 98,412)
Characteristics | Total subjects | Quartiles of serum vitamin D levels | p for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (<12.9 mg/dL) | Q2 (12.9–16.6 mg/dL) | Q3 (16.7–21.4 mg/dL) | Q4 (≥21.4 mg/dL) | |||
n = 24,650 | n = 24,612 | n = 24,578 | n = 24,572 | |||
Age (years) | 39.8 (8.1) | 37.9 (7.6) | 39.0 (7.7) | 40.0 (7.7) | 42.1 (8.8) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (3.0) | 24.3 (3.2) | 24.5 (3.0) | 24.6 (2.9) | 24.5 (2.9) | <0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 36.0 | 32.4 | 34.5 | 36.9 | 40.2 | <0.001 |
Alcohol intake (%)a | 33.2 | 26.0 | 30.8 | 35.7 | 40.4 | <0.001 |
Regular exercise (%)b | 14.4 | 11.3 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 18.0 | <0.001 |
Higher education (%)c | 85.5 | 86.8 | 87.2 | 85.9 | 82.2 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 112.8 (11.3) | 112.2 (11.1) | 112.6 (11.2) | 112.9 (11.2) | 113.3 (11.4) | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73.7 (9.4) | 73.1 (9.3) | 73.5 (9.4) | 73.9 (9.4) | 74.2 (9.4) | <0.001 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 97.2 (15.1) | 96.5 (15.1) | 97.0 (15.0) | 97.5 (15.6) | 97.9 (14.7) | <0.001 |
Insulin (μU/mL)d | 5.75 (3.86–8.37) | 5.92 (3.97–8.63) | 5.82 (3.91–8.44) | 5.77 (3.88–8.39) | 5.47 (3.71–8.0) | <0.001 |
TC (mg/dL) | 199.2 (34.2) | 196.3 (34.3) | 199.3 (34.1) | 201.0 (34.3) | 200.3 (34.1) | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 126.9 (31.1) | 124.5 (31.0) | 127.1 (30.8) | 128.6 (31.3) | 127.5 (31.2) | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.2 (12.5) | 51.5 (12.4) | 51.9 (12.2) | 52.4 (12.5) | 53.1 (12.8) | <0.001 |
TG (mg/dL)d | 114 (80–163) | 112 (79–162) | 113 (81–164) | 115 (82–165) | 114 (81–162) | 0.070 |
hs-CRP (mg/L)d | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.013 |
Obesity (%) | 39.4 | 36.2 | 39.9 | 41.3 | 40.4 | <0.001 |
Abdominal obesity (%) | 30.2 | 28.9 | 30.8 | 31.3 | 30.1 | 0.001 |
DM (%) | 4.59 | 3.81 | 4.25 | 4.78 | 5.54 | <0.001 |
HTN (%) | 14.8 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 15.3 | 17.7 | <0.001 |
FL (%) | 42.0 | 42.4 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 39.8 | <0.001 |
MS (%) | 15.3 | 14.5 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 0.001 |
CVD (%) | 1.19 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.21 | 1.56 | <0.001 |
HOMA-IRd | 1.36 (0.90–2.03) | 1.40 (0.91–2.07) | 1.38 (0.90–2.05) | 1.37 (0.90–2.05) | 1.31 (0.86–1.97) | <0.001 |