Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all included patients and patients completing the study in the randomized groups (n = 123)
Characteristics | All (n = 137)a | Exercise (n = 61) | Control (n = 62) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.1 ± 7.9 | 63.5 ± 8.0 | 63.2 ± 7.2 | 0.82 |
Gender (male/female), n | 115/22 | 54/7 | 50/12 | 0.34 |
Ethnicity (Caucasian/non-Caucasian), n | 114/23 | 53/8 | 52/10 | 0.83 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 23 (17) | 10 (16) | 9 (15) | 0.97 |
Previous smokers, n (%) | 65 (47) | 30 (50) | 30 (50) | 1.00 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 5.0 | 29.2 ± 4.0 | 29.0 ± 5.6 | 0.80 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 106.1 ± 12.7 | 106.7 ± 11.2 | 105.3 ± 14.2 | 0.55 |
Years of diabetesb | 9 (5, 15) | 10 (5, 15) | 9 (5, 13) | 0.48 |
Microvascular complicationsc, n (%) | 55 (40) | 24 (39) | 23 (37) | 0.94 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 100 (73) | 45 (74) | 46 (74) | 1.00 |
Angina pectoris, n (%) | 51 (37) | 25 (41) | 26 (42) | 1.00 |
Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 62 (45) | 25 (41) | 31 (50) | 0.41 |
Years since myocardial infarctionb | 3 (1, 11) | 3 (1, 11) | 3 (1, 11) | 0.92 |
Previous PCI, n (%) | 92 (67) | 37 (61) | 46 (74) | 0.16 |
Previous CABG, n (%) | 38 (28) | 17 (28) | 19 (31) | 0.89 |
Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 11 (8) | 2 (3) | 5 (8) | 0.45 |
NYHA class II, n (%) | 30 (22) | 9 (15) | 18 (29) | 0.090 |
HbA1c (%)b | 7.4 (6.8, 8.3) | 7.3 (6.8, 8.3) | 7.3 (6.8, 7.9) | 0.90 |
Creatinine (μmol/L)b | 79 (68, 91) | 78 (69, 91) | 67 (81, 88) | 0.92 |
Medication, n (%) | ||||
Anti-platelet therapy | 129 (94) | 56 (92) | 61 (98) | 0.20 |
Statins | 128 (93) | 57 (93) | 58 (94) | 1.00 |
Beta-blockers | 106 (77) | 49 (80) | 48 (77) | 0.86 |
ACE-inhibitors/ARB | 97 (70) | 39 (64) | 46 (74) | 0.30 |
CCB | 45 (33) | 19 (31) | 21 (34) | 0.85 |
Metformin | 101 (74) | 47 (77) | 46 (74) | 0.87 |
Sulfonylurea | 48 (35) | 25 (41) | 17 (27) | 0.16 |
Gliptins | 17 (12) | 6 (10) | 11 (18) | 0.31 |
Insulin/insulin-analogues | 26 (19) | 10 (16) | 12 (19) | 0.85 |