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Table 3 Body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls by individual genotypes (A: GCKR rs780094; B: GCKR rs1260326)

From: GCKR gene functional variants in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: do the rare variants associate with increased carotid intima-media thickness?

  

Controls

T2DM

MS

  

GG

n = 44

GA

n = 93

AA

n = 35

GG

n = 77

GA

n = 151

AA

n = 78

GG

n = 121

GA

n = 217

AA

n = 100

A

BMI (kg/m2)

23.6

(21.2-28.6)

23.9

(15.8-32.8)

23.8

(13.7-26.8)

29.2

(17.0-48.6)

29.0

(18.3-45.9)

27.3

(18.3-43.4)

32.5

(22.5-52.5)

32.7

(20.4-48.1)

32.9

(19.4-60.5)

 

FPG (mmol/l)

N/A

N/A

N/A

9.50

(3.00-17.0)

9.20

(3.80-22.8)

8.90

(2.30-17.1)*

9.60

(3.80-19.1)

8.80

(3.00-30.8)

8.50

(4.51-16.6)*

 

Serum triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.35

(0.50-2.90)

1.50

(0.80-3.60)

1.70

(0.70-3.20)*

1.77

(0.38-8.23)

1.81

(0.35-6.22)

2.24

(0.66-14.8)*

2.07

(0.49-7.76)

2.68

(0.35-14.2)*

3.07

(0.78-12.3)#

 

Serum total-cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.48 ± 0.80

5.44 ± 0.94

5.04 ± 1.04

5.01 ± 1.02

4.60 ± 1.12

4.75 ± 1.10

5.03 ± 1.05

5.15 ± 1.36

5.35 ± 1.26

 

Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.39

(0.76-2.48)

1.25

(0.68-2.37)

1.19

(0.62-2.49)*

1.21

(0.77-1.99)

1.22

(0.55-2.12)

1.17

(0.79-1.88)

 

Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.84 ± 0.90

2.64 ± 0.83

2.75 ± 0.89

2.08 ± 0.81

2.70 ± 0.83

3.06 ± 0.92*

 

CIMT (mm)

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.81 ± 0.42

0.86 ± 0.38

0.95 ± 0.44

0.79 ± 0.28

0.87 ± 0.32

1.06 ± 0.26*

  

Controls

T2DM

MS

  

CC

n = 48

TC

n = 80

TT

n = 44

CC

n = 80

TC

n = 155

TT

n = 63

CC

n = 118

TC

n = 219

TT

n = 91

B

BMI (kg/m2)

23.7

(20.8-28-6)

23.8

(15.8-32.8)

23.8

(13.7-26.8)

29.2

(17.0-37.6)

29.3

(18.3-45.9)

28.9

(18.3-38.6)

31.8

(20.4-49.57)

32.8

(19.4-52.5)

33.4

(25.0-60.5)

 

FPG (mmol/l)

N/A

N/A

N/A

9.05

(3.00-16.9)

8.90

(2.30-17.1)

8.70

(2.30-22.8)*

9.80

(3.20-20.0)

8.60

(3.90-30.8)

8.40

(3.00-16.6)*

 

Serum triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.51

(0.50-2.90)

1.55

(0.70-2.90)

1.68

(0.80-3.60)*

1.45

(0.35-4.28)

1.87

(0.39-8.23)*

2.32

(0.59-14.9)*

2.19

(0.70-7.86)

2.72

(0.35-14.4)*

2.91

(0.78-11.5)*

 

Serum total-cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.44 ± 0.87

5.41 ± 0.96

5.20 ± 0.99

5.03 ± 1.11

4.64 ± 0.97

4.72 ± 1.32

5.10 ± 1.02

5.21 ± 1.38

5.20 ± 1.27

 

Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.39

(0.76-2.48)

1.27

(0.68-2.47)

1.17

(0.62-2.49)*

1.23

(0.70-1.96)

1.16

(0.55-2.12)

1.23

(0.79-1.88)

 

Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.85 ± 0.88

2.63 ± 0.78

2.78 ± 1.05

2.71 ± 0.81

2.85 ± 0.82

3.00 ± 0.93*

 

CIMT (mm)

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.81 ± 0.39

0.88 ± 0.37

0.95 ± 0.42

0.83 ± 0.32

0.87 ± 0.35

1.05 ± 0.36*

  1. * p < 0.05 vs. GG; # p < 0.001 vs. GG; BMI, body mass index; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MS, metabolic syndrome; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; Data are mean ± SD or median (minimum-maximum) as appropriate.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840