Metabolic syndrome according to different definitions in a rapidly developing country of the African region

Table 2 Age-standardized distribution of selected risk factors in the population aged 25–64 years

		All	SD	Men	SD	Women	SD
N		1218		548		679
Age (years)		42.0	10.8	42.1	10.7	41.9	11.0
Anthropometric parameters
BMI (kg/m²)		26.9	5.7	25.5	4.7	28.3	6.3
Waist circumference (cm)		89.5	13.0	88.9	11.9	90.2	14.1
Adiposity ATP (%)	WC ≥ 102 cm (M), ≥ 88 cm (W)	35.2		14.0		56.0
	WHR > 0.9 (M), > 0.85 (W) or BMI	61.5		50.7		72.1
Adiposity WHO (%)	> 30
Adiposity IDF (%)	WC ≥ 94 cm (M), ≥ 80 cm (W)	55.8		35.8		75.6
Blood pressure
Systolic BP (mmHg)		127.7	18.6	131.0	17.7	124.4	18.8
Diastolic BP (mmHg)		83.3	11.8	85.5	11.7	81.2	11.5
Raised BP – ATP/IDF (%)	BP ≥ 130/85 mmHg or medication	51.7		57.0		46.4
Raised BP – WHO (%)	BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or medication	39.5		43.3		35.7
Glucose regulation
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)		5.9	2.0	6.0	2.1	5.7	1.8
Insulin (pmol/L)		14.8	12.1	13.6	11.6	16.1	12.4
Impaired fasting glucose (%)		14.1		20.5		7.7
Impaired glucose tolerance (%)		12.6		13.9		11.2
Diabetes (%)		10.7		9.7		11.7
Dysglycemia ATP (%)	FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/l	33.3		40.0		26.7
Dysglycemia WHO (%)	DM, IFG, IGT or insulin resistance	36.1		35.5		36.7
Dysglycemia IDF (%)	FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/l or history of DM	33.9		40.4		27.5
Blood lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)		5.4	1.3	5.4	1.3	5.4	1.3
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)		1.4	0.5	1.4	0.5	1.4	0.4
Triglyceride level (mmol/L)		1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.5
Hypertriglyceridemia ATP/IDF (%)	TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/l or medication	12.6		17.4		7.8
Low HDL-C ATP/IDF (%)	HDLC < 1.03 (M); < 1.29 (W)	38.2		28.6		47.8
Dyslipidemia WHO (%)	TG ≥ 1.7 or HDL < 0.9 (M), < 1.0 (W))	23.8		27.3		20.3
Microalbuminuria		11.9		11.2		12.6
Regular cigarette smoking (%)		17.3		30.9		3.7
Alcohol (mL/day)		22.3	62.0	41.1	82.8	3.6	12.8

Mean ± SD (standard deviation) or proportion; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist to hip ratio; BP: blood pressure; DM: diabetes; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; M: men; W: women. HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride: units in mmol/L.

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