Table 1 Physical and metabolic characteristics of the study population (mean ± SD). NGT IGT DM

Age

51.33 ± 11.5

57.7 ± 12.5*

49.5 ± 10.9

BMI (kg/m 2)

27 ± 2.3

27.2 ± 2.7

28 ± 1.7

Percent body fat

26.4 ± 4.9

27.2 ± 5.6

22.8 ± 2.3

Waist Circumference (cm)

96.6 ± 18.1

101 ± 9.4

102.4 ± 8.2

Hip Circumference (cm)

100.8 ± 17.9

103.6 ± 7.4

106.8 ± 7.1

Sagittal Diameter (cm)

24.4 ± 3.0

24.1 ± 3.8

25.5 ± 2.7

C-reactive protein #

3.5(0.4–18)

4.1(0.4–17)

6.1(0.8–13)*1

Adiponectin (μg/ml) #

18.7(1.5–65.6)

15.2(2.5–81.6)*

12.2(1.2–37.5)*1

Resistin (ng/ml) #

2.9(1.3–2.7)

3.7(1.4–6.1)

3.2(1.5–12.5)

Leptin (ng/ml) #

2.2(1.7–46.7)

10.1(2.8–34.3)

14.5(3.7–39.6)*2

Fasting insulin (pmol/L)

14 ± 9.7

16.8 ± 23.3

15.1 ± 6.5

2-hr Insulin (pmol/L)

72.1 ± 53

132.6 ± 54.5**

97.4 ± 78.7**

Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)

5.1(0.7)

5.7(1.1)

7.9(2.3)

30 min glucosa (mmol/L)

8.5 (1.5)

10.1 (1.5)

12.3 (1.7) **

2 h glucosa (mmol/L)

5.8 (1.1)

9.3 (1.6)

15.1 (3.7) **

HOMIR#

4.8 (1.1–40.1)

3.8 (1.3–24.5)

4.9 (1.9–8.7) *2