Table 1 Clinical and laboratory data for 405 patients with type 2 diabetes divided into quartiles of serum HIF-1α levels (pg/ml)

Subjects (male/female)

106(66/40)

98(71/27)

99(63/36)

102(62/40)

Age (years)

51.54 ± 5.98

51.32 ± 5.39

51.10 ± 6.25

51.73 ± 6.90

0.932

Duration of diabetes (years)

7.29 ± 4.58

7.09 ± 4.45

6.93 ± 4.55

6.95 ± 4.68

0.952

Smoking, n (%)

35(33.0%)

31(31.6%)

29(29.3%)

32(31.4%)

0.854

Oral agent, n (%)

77(72.6%)

70(71.5%)

71(71.3%)

68(67.1%)

0.220

Insulin only, n (%)

11(10.4%)

14(14.3%)

10(10.1%)

13(12.7%)

0.241

Insulin + oral agent, n (%)

18(17.0%)

13(13.3%)

18(18.2%)

20(19.6%)

0.220

BMI (kg/m²)

22.88 ± 2.57

22.61 ± 2.684

23.21 ± 2.71

23.71 ± 2.86

0.062

SBP (mmHg)

134.95 ± 14.3

136.48 ± 14.6

139.1 ± 19.1

141.8 ± 17.4^†

0.041

DBP (mmHg)

83.5 ± 9.3

84.5 ± 11.2

82.9 ± 10.8

85.8 ± 11.0

0.083

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.89 ± 0.102

0.90 ± 0.107

0.89 ± 0.12

0.93 ± 0.13

0.074

FBG (mmol/L)

6.11 ± 1.18

6.12 ± 1.09

6.15 ± 1.17

6.67 ± 1.67^#

0.013

HbA1c

6.31 ± 0.82

6.22 ± 0.82

6.32 ± 0.93

6.68 ± 1.07^#

0.007

CRP (mg/dl)

1.91 ± 0.61

1.82 ± 0.64

1.89 ± 0.71

2.22 ± 0.97^#

0.003

IL-6 (pg/ml)

2.10 ± 0.64

2.18 ± 0.77

2.37 ± 0.91

3.08 ± 1.58^##

0.001

Calcium (mmol/L)

2.49 ± 0.16

2.50 ± 0.15

2.47 ± 0.14

2.45 ± 0.12

0.058

Uric acid (mg/dl)

4.98 ± 1.21

5.05 ± 1.18

5.18 ± 1.15

5.70 ± 1.34^*

0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.35 ± 0.65

4.38 ± 0.60

4.34 ± 0.64

4.58 ± 0.69

0.076

TG (mmol/L)

1.15 ± 0.44

1.23 ± 0.44

1.21 ± 0.45

1.21 ± 0.43

0.649

LDL (mmol/L)

2.88 ± 0.39

2.96 ± 0.51

2.87 ± 0.35

3.04 ± 0.48^**

0.031

HDL (mmol/L)

1.47 ± 0.46

1.42 ± 0.42

1.49 ± 0.44

1.53 ± 0.48

0.467

UKPDS score

8.01 ± 5.90

8.25 ± 5.58

8.65 ± 4.99

9.26 ± 6.78^†

0.038