Total population | Regression analysis for having a low score on the EQ-5D | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Median (quartiles) or % | Comparison | Univariable | Multivariable | |
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |||
Age (years) | 66.2 (57.6–73.0) | > 66 vs. ≤ 66 years | 1.77 (1.47–2.13) | 1.49 (1.08–2.06) |
Female gender | 46.7 | female vs. male | 1.86 (1.86–2.24) | 2.11 (1.55–2.86) |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 49.3 | > 30 vs. ≤ 30 kg/m2 | 1.40 (1.16–1.68) | 1.24 (0.91–1.69) |
Blood glucose | ||||
HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (6.8–8.2) | > 7.4 vs. ≤ 7.4% | 0.97 (0.80.1.16) | 0.91 (0.64–1.28) |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 139 (118–167) | > 139 vs. ≤ 139 mg/dl | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) |
Postprandial plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 183 (154–220) | > 183 vs. ≤ 183 mg/dl | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 1.20 (0.85–1.71) |
Antidiabetic Pharmacotherapy | ||||
Metformin | 84.6 | yes vs. no | 0.81 (0.63–1.61) | 0.94 (0.57–1.56) |
Sulfonylureas | 28.1 | yes vs. no | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 1.14 (0.75–1.71) |
Glucosidase inhibitors | 2.2 | yes vs. no | 1.19 (0.61–2.29) | 1.71 (0.56–5.18) |
Glinides | 4.0 | yes vs. no | 1.02 (0.63–1.66) | 1.12 (0.50–2.52) |
Thiazolidinediones | 6.4 | yes vs. no | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | 1.60 (0.90–2.84) |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 5.0 | yes vs. no | 1.11 (0.73–1.7) | 0.97 (0.46–2.04) |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 85.0 | yes vs. no | 1.83 (1.40–2.40) | 1.62 (0.93–2.84) |
CAD | 18.3 | yes vs. no | 2.21 (1.73–2.80) | 1.39 (0.83–2.31) |
Peripheral neuropathy | 13.7 | yes vs. no | 2.51 (1.91–3.3) | 1.73 (1.03–2.93) |
Heart failure | 10.6 | yes vs. no | 2.01 (1.50–2.70) | 1.14 (0.67–1.95) |
PAD | 5.9 | yes vs. no | 1.89 (1.28–2.82) | 1.46 (0.76–2.81) |
Clin. rel. depression | 5.3 | yes vs. no | 10.16 (5.38–19.18) | 11.01 (3.97–30.50) |
Stroke/TIA | 5.0 | yes vs. no | 1.98 (1.29–3.04) | 1.37 (0.69–2.73) |
Non-proliferative retinopathy | 3.9 | yes vs. no | 1.76 (1.09–2.83) | 1.08 (0.54–2.15) |
Autonomous neuropathy | 3.4 | yes vs. no | 2.72 (1.57–4.72) | 1.34 (0.56–3.17) |
Limb amputation | 0.8 | yes vs. no | 2.38 (0.81–6.99) | 0.64 (0.13–3.27) |
≥ 2 co-morbidities* | 68.2 | yes vs. no | 1.90 (1.55–2.33) | 1.33 (0.77–2.29) |
CV Pharmacotherapy | ||||
ARB | 22.3 | yes vs. no | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 1.20 (0.78–1.87) |
ACE inhibitors | 50.3 | yes vs. no | 1.34 (1.11–1.61) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) |
Beta-Blocker | 47.0 | yes vs. no | 1.58 (1.31–1.90) | 0.88 (0.64–1.23) |
CCB | 26.2 | yes vs. no | 1.52 (1.23–1.88) | 1.29 (0.92–1.81) |
Diuretics | 41.2 | yes vs. no | 1.60 (1.32–1.93) | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) |
Statins | 41.7 | yes vs. no | 1.28 (1.06–1.54) | 1.06 (0.77–1.46) |
Anamn. Hypoglycaemia | 11.7 | yes vs. no | 2.01 (1.51–2.66) | 1.40 (0.88–2.22) |