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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and medication use (%) at baseline of study participants

From: Glycemic variability is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients

Characteristics

Total

Without Stenosis

<10% Stenosis

10-99% Stenosisa

Pvalue

 

n = 216

n = 63

n = 105

n = 48

 

Age, y

63 (10)

57 (9)

64 (9) *

68 (10) *†

<0.001

Gender, male/female

92/124

29/34

43/62

20/28

0.804

Body mass index, kg/m2

25.1 (3.8)

25.0 (4.3)

25.2 (3.5)

24.9 (3.7)

0.853

Diabetes duration, y

9.0 (5.0-13.3)

8.0 (5.0-13.0)

8.0 (4.0-14.0)

10.5 (8.5-12.8)

0.045

Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg

135.0 (120.0-146.0)

125.0 (120.0-140.0)

135.0 (120.0-140.0)

140.0 (131.3-160.0) ‡§

<0.001

Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg

80.0 (75.0-85.3)

80.0 (70.0-80.0)

80.0 (70.0-85.0)

80.0 (80.0-93.8) ‡

0.030

HbA1c, %

8.3 (1.7)

8.2 (1.7)

8.3 (1.6)

8.7 (1.9)

0.186

MBG, mmol/L

8.9 (1.9)

8.4 (1.5)

8.8 (1.9)

9.6 (2.1) *†

0.007

MAGE, mmol/l

5.6 (2.2)

5.5 (2.1)

5.7 (2.2)

5.6 (2.3)

0.800

SDBG, mmol/l

2.3 (0.8)

2.3 (0.8)

2.3 (0.8)

2.3 (0.9)

0.921

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l

7.8 (2.5)

7.6 (2.1)

7.7 (2.5)

8.4 (2.9)

0.266

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

4.7 (1.0)

4.4 (1.0)

4.8 (1.0) *

5.1 (1.0) *

0.002

Triglycerides, mmol/l

1.6 (1.0-2.2)

1.7 (1.0-2.4)

1.5 (1.0-2.2)

1.5 (1.1-2.2)

0.920

HDL-C, mmol/l

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

1.0 (0.9-1.3)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

0.294

LDL-C, mmol/l

3.1 (0.8)

2.8 (0.8)

3.1 (0.8)

3.4 (0.8) *†

0.002

ALT, U/l

16.0 (12.0-26.0)

15.0 (12.0-27.0)

18.0 (13.0-26.5)

15.0 (11.0-26.0)

0.218

AST, U/l

18.5 (16.0-24.0)

17.0 (15.0-22.3)

20.0 (15.8-25.0)

19.0 (16.0-24.5)

0.199

BUN, mmol/l

5.5 (4.6-6.6)

5.1 (4.6-6.2)

5.7 (4.7-6.7)

5.7 (4.9-6.8)

0.141

Plasma creatinine, μmol/l

63.5 (54.0-81.0)

62.0 (53.0-76.0)

63.5 (53.0-81.0)

69.0 (54.5-84.5)

0.359

Uric acid, μmol/l

306.5 (257.0-374.3)

305.0 (265.0-393.0)

301.5 (246.0-357.8)

334.0 (267.0-384.5)

0.237

Smoking, n (%)

29 (13.4%)

14 (22.2%)

9 (8.6%)

6 (12.5%)

0.042

Medication use, n (%)

     

Glucose control therapy b

    

0.037

 Oral hypoglycemic agents

68 (31.5%)

26 (41.3%)

33 (31.4%)

9 (18.8%)

 

 Insulin

96 (44.4%)

24 (38.1%)

42 (40.0%)

30 (62.5%)

 

 Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin

48 (22.2%)

13 (20.6%)

27 (25.7%)

8 (16.7%)

 

Lipid-lowering therapy

117 (54.2%)

30 (47.6%)

60 (57.1%)

27 (56.3%)

0.430

 Statins

100 (46.3%)

22 (34.9%)

51 (48.6%)

27 (56.3%)

 

 Fibrates

17 (7.9%)

8 (12.7%)

9 (8.6%)

0 (0%)

 

Antihypertensive therapy

139 (64.4%)

33 (52.4%)

69 (65.7%)

37 (77.1%)

0.025

 ACE inhibitors

14 (6.5%)

3 (4.8%)

11 (10.5%)

0 (0%)

 

 Angiotensin II receptor blockers

109 (50.5%)

27 (42.9%)

49 (46.7%)

33 (68.8%)

 

 Calcium channel blockers

57 (26.4%)

9 (14.3%)

30 (28.6%)

18 (37.5%)

 

 Beta-blockers

15 (6.9%)

5 (7.9%)

6 (5.7%)

4 (8.3%)

 

Aspirin use

108 (50%)

22 (34.9%)

58 (55.2%)

28 (58.3%)

0.016

  1. Data are mean (SD), median (25th to 75th percentile) or n (%).
  2. a The group included 40 patients with stenosis between 10-50% and 8 patients with stenosis between 51-99%. No patient has occlusion on MRA.
  3. b Medication use during continuous glucose monitoring period; 4 patients received diet therapy.
  4. *P <0.05 vs without stenosis group; †P <0.05 vs <10% stenosis group; ‡P <0.01 vs without stenosis group; §P <0.01 vs <10% stenosis group.
  5. Abbreviations: MBG, mean blood glucose; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; SDBG, standard deviation of blood glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840