Table 1 The baseline characteristics of study subjects categorized by number of positive components in metabolic syndrome

No. of patients

77

158

155

133

72

Male gender, n (%)

28 (36.4%)

64 (40.5%)

69 (44.5%)

68 (51.1%)*

45 (62.5%)***

<0.001

Age (years)

45.6±7.5

47.2±8.4

47.8±8.8

49.9±9.1**

50.3±8.8**

<0.001

Smoking (packs/day*year)

2.8±6.42

3.1±8.1

4.7±10.7

5.3±10.1*

9.4±13.5***

<0.001

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

21.9±1.9

23.7±2.4***

25.2±2.9***

26.6±2.9***

27.7±2.4***

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

74.7±6.1

78.5±7.8***

83.1±9.7***

88.6±9.2***

92.0±6.8***

<0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

103±10

121±26***

132±24***

137±23***

144±23***

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

64±7

74±14***

78±14***

81±13***

84±12***

<0.001

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.7±0.4

4.8±0.4

4.9±0.4*

5.0±0.6***

5.4±0.6***

<0.001

2hr pc glucose (mmol/L)

6.5±1.8

6.9±1.5

7.0±1.9*

7.5±1.7***

8.4±1.8***

<0.001

Insulin (μU/mL)

4.2±1.9

5.7±3.1***

7.3±4.6***

8.5±4.6***

11.5±5.7***

<0.001

HOMA-IR

0.9±0.4

1.3±0.7***

1.6±1.1***

1.9±1.1***

2.8±1.5***

<0.001

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

0.8±0.3

1.0±0.4***

1.3±0.6***

1.6±0.9***

2.4±1.1***

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.5±0.3

1.2±0.3***

1.1±0.3***

1.0±0.2***

0.9±0.2***

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.6±0.9

4.8±1.1

4.8±0.9

4.8±1.1

4.9±0.9

0.177

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.7±0.8

3.1±1.1

3.1±0.9

3.1±1.0

3.0±0.9

0.393