Table 1 Characteristics of subjects categorized by body mass index

Body mass index† characteristics	Total	Non-obese	Overweight	P-value*
	All N = 1,342	<25.0 kg/m² N = 998	≥25.0 kg/m² N = 344
Male sex,%	43.7	42.8	46.5	0.232
Age (years)	59 ± 13	60 ± 13	57 ± 12	0.012
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.1 ± 3.1	21.7 ± 2.0	27.1 ± 2.2	<0.001
Smoking status {never/ex/light/heavy (%)}	71.2/9.6/9.1/10.1	72.6/8.3/8.9/10.1	66.9/13.4/9.6/10.2	0.043
Alcohol consumption {never/light/moderate/heavy (%)}	38.8/31.8/18.6/10.8	40.5/30.5/18.9/10.1	34.0/35.8/17.4/12.8	0.072
Cardiovascular disease,%	4.5	4.7	4.1	0.764
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	134 ± 21	132 ± 21	139 ± 19	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80 ± 11	79 ± 11	84 ± 10	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	201 ± 35	200 ± 34	205 ± 35	0.024
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	90 (67–126)	85 (64–117)	108 (81–152)	<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	63 ± 15	65 ± 16	57 ± 13	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	118 ± 32	116 ± 31	123 ± 32	<0.001
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.0 ± 1.4	4.8 ± 1.4	5.5 ± 1.4	<0.001
High sensitivity CRP (mg/dL)	0.04 (0.02-0.09)	0.04 (0.02-0.07)	0.07 (0.04-0.15)	<0.001
Serum HMW adiponectin (μg/mL)	4.89 (2.98-7.99)	5.37 (3.21-8.69)	3.95 (2.24-5.82)	<0.001
GGT (IU/L)	25 (18–43)	22 [17–37]	32 (21–63)	<0.001
ALT (IU/L)	17 [13–24]	16 [12–21]	22 [16–31]	<0.001
AST (IU/L)	21 [18–26]	21 [18–26]	22 [19–27]	0.013
ALT/AST ratio	0.79 (0.65-1.0)	0.74 (0.63-0.91)	0.96 (0.72-1.2)	<0.001

HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CRP; C-reactive protein; HMW, high molecular weight; GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase. Data presented are mean ± standard deviation. Data for triglycerides, high sensitivity CRP, serum HMW adiponectin, GGT, ALT, AST, and ALT/AST ratio were skewed, and are presented as median (interquartile range), and were log-transformed for analysis. * Student’s t-test or χ² test.

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