Parameter | Control | Metabolic syndrome | Diabetic |
---|---|---|---|
n | 13 | 23 | 10 |
Age, years | 66 ± 2 | 63 ± 2 | 66 ± 3 |
Left main stenosis > 50%, n (%) | 6 (46%) | 15 (65%) | 3 (30%) |
One vessel stenosis > 70%, n (%) | 3 (23%) | 6 (26%) | 1 (10%) |
Two vessel stenosis > 70%, n (%) | 7 (54%) | 11 (48%) | 6 (60%) |
Three vessel stenosis > 70%, n (%) | 3 (23%) | 5 (22%) | 3 (30%) |
Patients with occluded coronary artery, n (%) | 5 (38%) | 7 (30%) | 5 (50%) |
Coronary collaterals, Rentrop grade 2 or 3, n (%) | 5 (38%) | 12 (52%) | 5 (50%) |
Previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, n (%) | 2 (15%) | 4 (17%) | 1 (10%) |
Wall motion abnormality, n (%) | 2 (15%) | 2 (9%) | 1 (10%) |
Coronary grafts/patient, n | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.2 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 0.8 | 30.1 ± 0.7* | 30.2 ± 1.3†|
BSA (m2) | 1.93 ± 0.05 | 2.06 ± 0.03†| 2.05 ± 0.06 |
Clinical risk factors | Â | Â | Â |
   Pre-admission systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127 ± 3 | 134 ± 3 | 133 ± 4 |
   Pre-admission diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 2 | 76 ± 2 | 77 ± 3 |
   Previous hypertension, n (%) | 7 (54%) | 20 (87%) | 8 (80%) |
   Ever smoked, n (%) | 7 (54%) | 15 (65%) | 6 (60%) |
   Fasting plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.2 |
   Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
   Fasting plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.03 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.06 |
   Fasting plasma triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 2.02 ± 0.21* | 1.86 ± 0.26†|
   Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 8.1 ± 0.5‡,§ |
   Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 45 ± 11 | 84 ± 11* | 149 ± 53‡ |
   β cell function from HOMA2-%B | 65 ± 11 | 92 ± 9 | 67 ± 11 |
   Insulin sensitivity from HOMA2-%S | 167 ± 22 | 90 ± 11‡ | 65 ± 14‡ |
   Insulin resistance from HOMA2-IR | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2* | 2.5 ± 0.7‡ |
   Plasma CML (μmol/L) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 |
   Plasma LMWF (AU/mL) | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.3 |
   Plasma soluble RAGE (pg/mL) | 604 ± 96 | 642 ± 60 | 753 ± 108 |
   Plasma NT-proBNP (pmol/L) | 16 ± 4 | 14 ± 2 | 24 ± 6 |
   Hb (g/L) | 14.4 ± 0.3 | 14.8 ± 0.3 | 13.3 ± 0.6|| |
   Plasma creatinine (μmol/L) | 91 ± 4 | 91 ± 4 | 105 ± 4†,|| |
   eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 74 ± 4 | 76 ± 3 | 63 ± 3†,|| |
   C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
Medications | Â | Â | Â |
   ACE inhibitor therapy, n (%) | 5 (38%) | 11 (48%) | 8 (80%) |
   ARB therapy, n (%) | 2 (15%) | 8 (35%) | 1 (10%) |
   ACEI and/or ARB therapy, (%) | 7 (54%) | 18 (78%) | 9 (90%) |
   Statin therapy, n (%) | 11 (85%) | 20 (87%) | 9 (90%) |
   Aspirin therapy, n (%) | 7 (54%) | 14 (61%) | 5 (50%) |
   Calcium antagonist therapy, n (%) | 2 (15%) | 6 (26%) | 2 (20%) |
   β-blocker therapy, n (%) | 11 (85%) | 15 (65%) | 7 (70%) |
   Long-acting nitrate therapy, n (%) | 1 (8%) | 4 (17%) | 5 (50%) |
   Thiazide or indapamide therapy, n (%) | 3 (23%) | 4 (17%) | 3 (30%) |