Table 2 The effect of incretins or incretin based therapies on postprandial lipid metabolism in humans
From: Postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk: focus on incretins
Compound | Author | Intervention | Design | Study population | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLP-1 | Meier et al. (2006) [77] | 390-min IV infusion | randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study | 14 healthy male volunteers | Reduced postprandial triglyceride and NEFA levels |
GLP-1 | Zander et al. (2002) [78] | 6-week continuous SQ infusion | randomized, single-blinded, placebo controlled parallel study | 20 patients with T2DM (10 in each group) | Decreased fasting and average 8-h post-meal NEFA levels |
Exenatide | Cervera et al. (2008) [98] | 6-hour continuous IV infusion | non-randomized single-blinded crossover study vs. control | 12 subjects with T2DM | Reduced triglyceride response to mixed meal |
Exenatide | Schwartz et al. (2008) [99] | 2-week SQ injection twice a day | randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study | 30 patients with inadequately controlled T2DM | Decreased morning and evening postprandial triglyceride excursions, no effect after midday meal |
Exenatide | Schwartz et al. (2010) [103] | Single SQ dose just before a high-fat meal | randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study | 35 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or recent T2DM | Abolished responses of triglyceride, NEFA, RLPs, apoB48 and apoCIII to meal |
Exenatide or Sitagliptin | DeFronzo et al. (2008) [100] | 2-week SQ exenatide injection twice a day or sitagliptin orally once/day | double-blinded randomized crossover study | 61 patients with T2DM treated with a stable regimen metformin | Reduced average 4-h post-meal triglyceride response after both. Reduction greater after exenatide (by ~10%) |
Vildagliptin | Matikainen et al. (2006) [107] | 4-week oral dose 50 mg twice/day | double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel study | 31 drug-naïve T2DM patients (n = 16 allocated to Vildagliptin) | Decreased postprandial TG-rich lipoproteins (total and chylomicrons, apoB-48) |