Table 1 Small non-coding RNA classes

[22]

miRNA

~ 22 nucleotides

- mRNA degradation

- translational repression

[27]

piRNA

~ 24–31 nucleotides

- transposon repression

[28,29,30,31, 332]

snoRNA

60–200 nucleotides

- pseudouridylation or 2’O-ribose methylation of rRNAs, snRNAs, and tRNAs

- mRNA methylation

- alternative splicing and processing

- mRNA stabilization

[37, 38]

tRF

16–35 nucleotides

- miRNA-like mRNA translational repression

- enhance translation