Table 2 Adipose tissue and clinical characteristics of included female patients

Age (years)

58.81 ± 10.21

57.19 ± 10.61

60.72 ± 9.38

0.001

DM duration (years)

9.76 ± 7.39

9.67 ± 7.54

9.87 ± 7.23

0.803

BMI (kg/m²)

24.88 ± 3.59

23.08 ± 2.77

27.01 ± 3.29

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

136.34 ± 21.01

132.29 ± 20.81

141.13 ± 20.29

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

77.21 ± 12.09

74.95 ± 11.29

79.87 ± 12.49

< 0.001

Hemoglobin (g/L)

127.60 ± 21.31

124.96 ± 22.86

130.70 ± 18.93

0.011

Creatinine (µmol/L)

50.88 ± 13.52

48.81 ± 13.13

53.29 ± 13.62

0.002

Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

5.52 ± 6.28

5.74 ± 8.48

5.27 ± 1.29

0.479

TG (mmol/L)

1.37 (0.96,2.00)

1.14 (0.81,1.57)

1.83 (1.27,2.66)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.91 ± 1.21

4.87 ± 1.21

4.96 ± 1.21

0.520

HDL (mmol/L)

1.24 ± 0.28

1.30 ± 0.29

1.16 ± 0.25

< 0.001

LDL (mmol/L)

2.95 ± 0.91

2.94 ± 0.86

2.95 ± 0.96

0.905

Albumin (g/L)

42.84 ± 4.58

42.55 ± 4.62

43.18 ± 4.52

0.199

Alanine transaminase (U/L)

16.15 (11.90,24.68)

15.50 (11.10,20.38)

16.90 (12.50,27.78)

0.016

FT3 (pmol/L)

4.21 ± 1.18

4.19 ± 1.21

4.23 ± 1.15

0.746

FT4 (pmol/L)

15.61 ± 3.25

15.49 ± 3.28

15.75 ± 3.22

0.455

TSH (pmol/L)

3.01 ± 3.83

3.01 ± 4.49

3.02 ± 2.87

0.991

HbA1c (%)

9.21 ± 2.24

9.15 ± 2.32

9.29 ± 2.13

0.569

FBG (mmol/L)

10.05 ± 4.33

9.57 ± 4.36

10.61 ± 4.25

0.023

TyG index

9.27 ± 0.78

9.01 ± 0.71

9.59 ± 0.73

< 0.001

VAA (cm²)

116.10 ± 57.73

74.08 ± 27.15

165.72 ± 42.98

< 0.001

SAA (cm²)

153.51 ± 60.79

129.17 ± 46.99

182.24 ± 62.79

< 0.001

VSR

0.80 ± 0.41

0.63 ± 0.31

1.01 ± 0.41

< 0.001

VAD (HU)

-89.86 ± 8.60

-85.39 ± 8.02

-95.13 ± 5.86

< 0.001

SAD (HU)

-97.6 ± 6.20

-95.95 ± 6.39

-99.56 ± 5.38

< 0.001

Cigarette smoking (%)

8 (2.2)

4 (2.0)

4 (2.4)

1.000

Alcohol intake (%)

3 (0.8)

2 (1.0)

1 (0.6)

1.000

Dyslipidemia (%)

210 (58.2)

93 (47.7)

117 (70.5)

< 0.001

Hypertension (%)

165 (45.6)

69 (35.2)

96 (57.8)

< 0.001

Antidiabetic drugs (%)

333 (92.0)

179 (91.3)

154 (92.8)

0.699

SGLT-2 inhibitors (%)

20 (5.5)

8 (4.1)

12 (7.2)

0.249

GLP-1RAs (%)

1 (0.3)

0 (0)

1 (0.6)

0.459

Insulin (%)

173 (47.8)

93 (47.4)

80 (48.2)

0.916

Thiazolidinediones (%)

31 (8.6)

15 (7.7)

16 (9.6)

0.573

Statin drugs (%)

78 (21.6)

35 (17.9)

43 (25.9)

0.073

Fibrates (%)

9 (2.5)

4 (2.0)

5 (3.0)

0.738

Antihypertensive drugs (%)

127 (35.1)

47 (24.0)

80 (48.2)

< 0.001