Extremes of both weight gain and weight loss are associated with increased incidence of heart failure and cardiovascular death: evidence from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE

Ferrannini, Giulia; Pollock, Carol; Natali, Andrea; Yavin, Yshai; Mahaffey, Kenneth W.; Ferrannini, Ele

doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01832-5

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Clinical and metabolic characteristics of the CANVAS cohort by weight loss category and treatment*

From: Extremes of both weight gain and weight loss are associated with increased incidence of heart failure and cardiovascular death: evidence from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE

Group (N, %)	Gainers (G) 867 (10)		Stable (S) 6936 (80)		Losers (L) 853 (10)		p (G vs. S)	p (L vs. S)	p _Cana
N (% of group)	Placebo 580 (67)	Cana 287 (33)	Placebo 2894 (42)	Cana 4042 (58)	Placebo 184 (22)	Cana 669 (78)	-	-	-
BMI change (kg/m ² )	+ 1.6 [0.9]	+ 1.6 [0.9]	− 0.2 [1.1]	− 0.8 [1.2]	− 3.0 [1.2]	− 3.0 [1.3]	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Weight change (kg)	+ 4.5 [2.4]	+ 4.5 [2.5]	− 0.6 [3.0]	− 2.2 [3.4]	− 8.2 [3.1]	− 8.7 [3.4]	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Percent weight change	+ 5.0	+ 5.1	− 0.7	− 2.6	− 8.9	− 8.9	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Clinical phenotype
Sex (% M)	63	64	63	64	63	68	ns	ns	< 0.0001
Age (years)	62 ± 8	61 ± 8	64 ± 8	63 ± 8	64 ± 8	63 ± 9	< 0.0001	0.0007	0.0060
Baseline BMI (kg/m²)	32.7 ± 6.3	32.5 ± 6.5	31.5 ± 5.5	31.3 ± 5.5	35.9 ± 6.5	35.1 ± 6.1	0.0019	< 0.0001	ns
Baseline body weight (kg)	93 ± 22	92 ± 22	88 ± 19	88 ± 19	103 ± 21	102 ± 21	0.0009	< 0.0001	ns
eGFR (mL.min^-1.1.73 m^-2)	76 ± 22	77 ± 22	76 ± 20	77 ± 20	76 ± 21	79 ± 20	ns	ns	ns
Type 2 diabetes duration (years)	12 [9]	13 [9]	13 [10]	12 [9]	13 [11]	13 [10]	ns	ns	ns
HbA_1c (%)	8.28 ± 0.96	8.32 ± 1.03	8.22 ± 0.91	8.25 ± 0.94	8.25 ± 0.91	8.23 ± 0.92	ns	ns	ns
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	136 ± 16	135 ± 17	137 ± 15	136 ± 15	139 ± 17	137 ± 16	ns	ns	ns
UACR (mg/g)	14 [40]	16 [40]	12 [33]	12 [32]	14 [51]	12 [31]	0.0357	0.0150	ns
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.15 [0.42]	1.14 [0.38]	1.14 [0.37]	1.13 [0.38]	1.18 ± 0.33	1.18 ± 0.33	ns	ns	ns
Prior CVD (%)	67	67	66	64	69	66	ns	ns	ns
Prior MI (%)	31	29	29	28	36	30	ns	0.0489	ns
Prior HF (%)	15	19	15	14	23	13	ns	ns	ns
Smokers (%)	16	16	18	17	21	23	ns	0.0005	0.0008
Use of loop or non-loop diuretics (%)	47	47	45	42	48	48	0.0451	0.0184	0.0097
Use of antithrombotics (%)	76	72	74	72	82	75	ns	0.0162	0.0322
Use of statin (%)	73	70	76	75	76	76	0.0211	ns	ns
Use of RAAS inhibitors (%)	78	81	81	81	79	81	ns	ns	ns
Use of ß-blockers (%)	57	55	53	53	70	51	ns	ns	ns
Use of insulin (%)	60	57	49	49	44	53	< 0.0001	ns	< 0.0001
Use of metformin (%)	73	72	80	78	77	79	0.0003	ns	0.0012
Use of sulphonylureas (%)	37	39	44	45	41	39	0.0002	0.0017	< 0.0001
Use of GLP-1 RA (%)	8	4	4	3	7	7	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

*entries are mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. p (G vs. S) = Gainers vs. Stable and p (L vs. S) = Losers vs. Stable are computed by 2-way ANOVA or c²; p_Cana = Cana vs. Placebo is computed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system; GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HF, heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-2840

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com