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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients grouped by acute kidney injury

From: Long- and very long-chain ceramides are predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the PEACP study

Variables

Non-AKI

AKI stage 1

AKI stage 2

AKI stage 3

P

N

703 (83.5)

75 (8.9)

31 (3.7)

33 (3.9)

 

 Age, years

65.0 ± 12.6

74.8 ± 11.2

76.2 ± 9.3

69.2 ± 15.7

 < 0.001

 Males, n (%)

177 (25.2)

22 (29.3)

12 (38.7)

11 (33.3)

0.250

 BMI, kg/m2

24.2 ± 2.7

23.4 ± 2.3

23.7 ± 1.6

23.8 ± 2.6

0.066

 Smoking, n (%)

328 (46.7)

33 (44)

9 (29)

12 (36.4)

0.176

 Drinking, n (%)

181 (25.9)

15 (20)

7 (22.6)

10 (30.3)

0.619

 Hypertension, n (%)

391 (55.6)

47 (62.7)

22 (71)

27 (81.8)

0.007

 Diabetes, n (%)

193 (27.5)

33 (44)

16 (51.6)

16 (48.5)

 < 0.001

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

72 (10.2)

8 (10.7)

2 (6.5)

4 (12.1)

0.890

 SBP, mmHg

132.4 ± 23.4

130.4 ± 29.1

132.6 ± 29.9

142.3 ± 29.3

0.116

 DBP, mmHg

81 ± 15.1

78.2 ± 20

74.8 ± 21.3

83.9 ± 24

0.061

 Heart rate, /min

78.8 ± 16.1

85.1 ± 25

82.5 ± 25.7

85.7 ± 17.5

0.003

 Killip class ≥ 1, n (%)

315 (44.8)

43 (57.3)

23 (74.2)

17 (51.5)

0.003

 STEMI, n (%)

303 (43.1)

32 (42.7)

13 (41.9)

10 (30.3)

0.548

Laboratory findings

 WBC, 109/L

9.0 ± 3.3

10.5 ± 5.5

11.8 ± 4.1

8.9 ± 3.9

 < 0.001

 Neutrophil, 109/L

6.8 ± 3.2

8.3 ± 5.2

9.5 ± 4

7.1 ± 3.6

 < 0.001

 Hemoglobin, g/L

136.3 ± 19.5

120.8 ± 22.9

113.8 ± 23.2

101.8 ± 25.5

 < 0.001

 Platelet count, 109/L

179 (142–226)

182 (133–217)

219 (126–273)

181 (145–246)

0.638

 Fibrinogen, g/L

3.5 ± 1.3

3.9 ± 1.4

4.1 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 1.9

 < 0.001

 Blood glucose, mmol/L

8.8 ± 4.2

11.1 ± 5.8

11.4 ± 7.3

9.8 ± 4.4

 < 0.001

 Creatinine, μmol/L

76 (64–88)

129 (119–150)

195 (167–210)

327 (250–586)

 < 0.001

 eGFR

85.6 ± 18.1

42.6 ± 6.7

29.6 ± 15.3

19.4 ± 22.5

 < 0.001

 BUN, mmol/L

5.3 (4.4–6.7)

8.9 (7.3–12.2)

13.9 (10.9–16.3)

19 (13.5–25.4)

 < 0.001

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.49 (1.05–2.18)

1.33 (0.98–2.02)

1.41 (1.19–2.04)

1.68 (1.24–2.53)

0.290

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.4 ± 1.2

4.2 ± 1

4.3 ± 1.5

4.4 ± 1.7

0.710

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.1 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4

0.541

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.7 ± 1

2.5 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 1.3

2.6 ± 1.4

0.327

 NT-proBNP, pg/mL

685 (180–2317)

4585 (1344–12382)

7530 (3711–22358)

13281 (4382–35000)

 < 0.001

 Hs-CTnT,pg/mL

308 (38–1385)

568 (54–2555)

1287 (616–4284)

914 (185–4961)

 < 0.001

Admission medication

 Aspirin, n (%)

691 (98.3)

73 (97.3)

29 (93.5)

31 (93.9)

0.116

 Dual antiplatelet, n (%)

638 (90.8)

68 (90.7)

29 (93.5)

26 (78.8)

0.134

 β receptor blockers, n (%)

404 (57.5)

27 (36.0)

15 (48.4)

17 (51.5)

0.004

 Statin, n (%)

660 (93.9)

56 (74.7)

25 (80.6)

29 (87.9)

 < 0.001

 ACEI or ARB, n (%)

285 (40.5)

18 (24.0)

9 (29.0)

7 (21.2)

0.004

Percutaneous coronary intervention

 Contrast dose, ml

98.8 ± 14.5

112.9 ± 12.5

132.9 ± 15.7

147.3 ± 21.6

 < 0.001

 Stent ≥ 2, n (%)

207 (32.9)

19 (31.7)

13 (50)

13 (41.9)

0.227

 Three-vessel disease, n (%)

352 (50.1)

35 (46.7)

14 (45.2)

21 (63.6)

0.380

Risk score

 GRACE score

135 ± 34.1

151.9 ± 36.3

173.1 ± 39.5

182.8 ± 40.0

 < 0.001

 Gensini score

51 (24–79)

58 (17–82)

68 (43–101)

89 (45–68)

0.020

 Mehran risk score

9.6 ± 4.8

14 ± 4.8

15.2 ± 4.7

16.2 ± 4.4

 < 0.001

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, STEMI ST-elevation elevated myocardial infarction, WBC white blood cell count, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs-CTnT high sensitive cardiac troponin T, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, GRACE Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events