Table 1 Summary of the main clinical trials investigating the effects of L-Arg supplementation in diabetes
From: L-Arginine in diabetes: clinical and preclinical evidence
First Author, year [Ref.] | Study design | Participants | Dose and duration of L-Arg supplementation | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lubec B, 1997 [57] | Blind placebo-controlled trial | Patients with diabetes | 1 g twice/day for 3 months | No significant differences In terms of blood glucose, fructosamine, and HbA1c |
Wascher T C,1997 [45]. | Clinical trial | Patients with obesity and patients with T2DM | 0.052 g/kg/min for 180 min | L-Arg infusion improves insulin-sensitivity in patients |
Marfella R, 2000 [43] | Clinical trial | Patients with T2DM | 1 g/min in infusion for 30 min | L-Arg infusion reverts the effects caused by acute hyperglycemia (increase of BP and alterations in baroreflex activity) |
Piatti P.M, 2001 [46] | Double-blind trial | Patients with T2DM | 3 g daily for 3 months | L-Arg administration significantly improves peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients. |
Lucotti P, 2006 [58] | Randomized controlled trial | Patients with T2DM | 8.3 g daily for 21 days | L-Arg therapy improves fasting and postprandial glycemic excursions and hyperinsulinemia. |
Martina V,2008 [70] | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Patients with T2DM | 1.2 g daily for 6 months | L-Arg improves endothelial function reducing oxidative stress and promotes NO anti-atherosclerotic effects. |
Settergren M, 2008 [39] | Randomized controlled trial | Patients with T2DM and CAD | 0.2 g/min in infusion for 15 min | L-Arg and BH4 administration reduces I/R-induced endothelial dysfunction |
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials | Patients with IGT and MS | 6.4 g daily for 18 months | L-Arg for 18 months significantly increases regression to NGT; 9 years from baseline the cumulative incidence of diabetes was less in the L-Arg group compared to placebo (40.6% vs. 57.4%). | |
Cherney D.Z.I, 2013 [62] | Clinical trial | Patients with T1DM | 100 mg/kg over 30 min and then 250 mg/kg over 30 min, in infusion | L-Arg inverts the hyperglycemia renal hemodynamic effects in women |
Fayh A.P, 2013 [63] | Clinical trial | Men with T1DM | 7 g/day during 1 week | L-Arg improves endothelial function |
Costa G, 2022 [47] | Comparative study | Women with T2DM | 5 g/day for 14 days | L-Arg supplementation improves vascular and microvascular function. |