Fig. 1

Heart function affected by the combination of diabetes and the Hif1a deficient sympathetic system. A Experimental design. B Blood glucose levels and C body weight (BW) (non-DIA Control n = 27, DIA Control n = 28, non-DIA Hif1aCKO n = 22, DIA Hif1aCKO n = 23), and D the heart weight adjusted to the length of the cranial base (HW/LCB; n = 7) measurements of 4-month-old non-diabetic and diabetic, control and Hif1aCKO mice. E–H The echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular systolic function and hemodynamics: heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS) (non-DIA Control n = 9, DIA Control n = 7, non-DIA Hif1aCKO n = 10, DIA Hif1aCKO n = 6). Two-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s comparison multiple tests were used. Data are mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; ns = non-significant