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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of TyG and risk of arterial stiffness

From: Association between triglyceride glucose index and arterial stiffness and coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and exposure-effect meta-analysis

Items

Number of studies

ES (95%CI)

P

P*h (%)

P#

Result of primary analysis

11

1.51 [1.35, 1.69]

\(<\) 0.001

82

–

Mean age

     

 \(<\) 60 years

7

1.61 [1.23, 2.11]

\(<\) 0.001

93

0.41

 \(\ge\) 60 years

4

1.42 [1.28, 1.58]

\(<\) 0.001

56

–

Study design

     

 Cohort

3

1.44 [1.22, 1.69]

\(<\) 0.001

85

0.46

 Cross-sectional

8

1.57 [1.32, 1.87]

\(<\) 0.001

83

–

Sample size

     

 \(<\) 4000

6

1.47 [1.25, 1.73]

\(<\) 0.001

58

0.73

 \(\ge\) 4000

5

1.53 [1.30, 1.80]

\(<\) 0.001

88

-

Mean BMI

     

 \(<\) 24

3

1.97 [1.61, 2.42]

\(<\) 0.001

30

0.01

 \(\ge\) 24

7

1.39 [1.26, 1.53]

\(<\) 0.001

75

–

 NR

1

1.65 [1.07, 2.54]

0.02

–

-

Adjustment for confounders

     

Age

     

 Yes

10

1.51 [1.34, 1.70]

\(<\) 0.001

83

0.81

 No

1

1.57 [1.13, 2.18]

0.007

–

–

Gender

     

 Yes

8

1.48 [1.29, 1.70]

\(<\) 0.001

85

0.50

 No

3

1.59 [1.34, 1.88]

\(<\) 0.001

18

–

BMI

     

 Yes

10

1.55 [1.38, 1.75]

\(<\) 0.001

77

\(<\) 0.001

 No

1

1.21 [1.11, 1.32]

\(<\) 0.001

–

–

Smoking

     

 Yes

9

1.55 [1.37, 1.76]

\(<\) 0.001

79

0.21

 No

2

1.31 [1.04, 1.66]

\(<\) 0.001

56

–

HDL-C

     

 Yes

8

1.66 [1.48, 1.85]

\(<\) 0.001

57

\(<\) 0.001

 No

3

1.25 [1.16, 1.35]

\(<\) 0.001

32

–

Medication status

     

 Yes

5

1.64 [1.43, 1.88]

\(<\) 0.001

72

0.02

 No

6

1.33 [1.20, 1.48]

\(<\) 0.001

55

–

Diabetes

     

 Yes

4

1.56 [1.17, 2.08]

\(<\) 0.001

91

0.72

 No

7

1.47 [1.30, 1.66]

\(<\) 0.001

73

–

Exercise

     

 Yes

5

1.64 [1.24, 2.16]

\(<\) 0.001

88

0.42

 No

6

1.45 [1.29, 1.62]

\(<\) 0.001

74

–

  1. TyG triglyceride and glucose index, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, NR not report
  2. *P for within-group heterogeneity, #P for subgroup difference