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Table 3 Subgroup analysis according to the number of mental disorders

From: Impact of mental disorders on the risk of heart failure among Korean patients with diabetes: a cohort study

  

Number of

mental disorder

N

HF

Duration

Rate

Competeing risk

Model 5

(95% CI)

*P for interaction

Age groups

< 40

0

172,310

1908

1201397.99

1.5881

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

18,404

259

126184.98

2.0525

1.301 (1.143, 1.481)

 
  

≥ 2

4670

137

31480.83

4.3519

2.683 (2.257, 3.190)

 
 

40–64

0

1,116,744

40,225

7762206.14

5.1822

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

297,779

14,992

2050684.93

7.3107

1.289 (1.265, 1.314)

 
  

≥ 2

146,358

10,549

980653.12

10.7571

1.762 (1.724, 1.801)

 
 

≥ 65

0

371,678

41,542

2426192.43

17.1223

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

187,231

24,797

1197180.62

20.7128

1.164 (1.145, 1.183)

 
  

≥ 2

132,212

20,629

815,161

25.3067

1.353 (1.330, 1.377)

 

Sex

Male

0

1,145,066

56,389

7814725.73

7.2157

1 (Ref.)

0.416

  

1

244,885

19,780

1610896.73

12.2789

1.229 (1.208, 1.249)

 
  

≥ 2

106,195

12,119

659098.17

18.3872

1.472 (1.442, 1.502)

 
 

Female

0

515,666

27,286

3575070.83

7.6323

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

258,529

20,268

1763153.8

11.4953

1.216 (1.194, 1.238)

 
  

≥ 2

177,045

19,196

1168196.78

16.4322

1.512 (1.484, 1.541)

 

Income

Q2-4

0

1,319,165

64,967

9062904.67

7.1685

1 (Ref.)

0.0076

  

1

395,330

31,433

2659638.76

11.8185

1.224 (1.207, 1.241)

 
  

≥ 2

219,434

24,280

1426903.54

17.0159

1.477 (1.454, 1.500)

 
 

Q1

0

341,567

18,708

2326891.89

8.0399

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

108,084

8615

714411.77

12.0589

1.213 (1.182, 1.245)

 
  

≥ 2

63,806

7035

400391.41

17.5703

1.562 (1.519, 1.607)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

< 25

0

844,070

44,954

5750494.61

7.8174

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

263,600

21,319

1746031.44

12.21

1.184 (1.164, 1.203)

 
  

≥ 2

153,822

16,889

975093.25

17.3204

1.421 (1.395, 1.448)

 
 

25+

0

816,662

38,721

5639301.94

6.8663

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

239,814

18,729

1628019.09

11.5042

1.266 (1.244, 1.288)

 
  

≥ 2

129,418

14,426

852201.69

16.9279

1.585 (1.554, 1.617)

 

Smoking

Non, ex

0

1,149,771

60,328

7921183.55

7.616

1 (Ref.)

0.4682

  

1

406,016

32,725

2736769.06

11.9575

1.221 (1.205, 1.238)

 
  

≥ 2

239,550

26,547

1557851.58

17.0408

1.484 (1.462, 1.507)

 
 

Current

0

510,961

23,347

3468613.01

6.7309

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

97,398

7323

637281.46

11.491

1.219 (1.187, 1.252)

 
  

≥ 2

43,690

4768

269443.36

17.6957

1.554 (1.505, 1.605)

 

Drinking

Non, Mild

0

1,461,267

74,983

10028685.57

7.4769

1 (Ref.)

0.8101

  

1

465,136

37,500

3119475.89

12.0213

1.226 (1.210, 1.241)

 
  

≥ 2

269,452

30,022

1740087.29

17.2532

1.504 (1.483, 1.526)

 
 

Heavy

0

199,465

8692

1361110.99

6.386

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

38,278

2548

254574.64

10.0089

1.252 (1.198, 1.308)

 
  

≥ 2

13,788

1293

87207.65

14.8267

1.604 (1.512, 1.701)

 

Regular exercise

No

0

1,311,188

66,811

8959839.95

7.4567

1 (Ref.)

0.8664

  

1

399,220

32,667

2661619.93

12.2734

1.219 (1.202, 1.235)

 
  

≥ 2

227,398

25,954

1455521.57

17.8314

1.486 (1.464, 1.509)

 
 

Yes

0

349,544

16,864

2429956.6

6.94

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

104,194

7381

712430.6

10.3603

1.233 (1.199, 1.267)

 
  

≥ 2

55,842

5361

371773.38

14.4201

1.539 (1.492, 1.587)

 

Hypertension

No

0

799,660

26,575

5532114.8

4.8038

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

196,093

10,376

1334150.19

7.7772

1.234 (1.206, 1.263)

 
  

≥ 2

97,438

7649

641715.4

11.9196

1.607 (1.566, 1.649)

 
 

Yes

0

861,072

57,100

5857681.75

9.7479

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

307,321

29,672

2039900.34

14.5458

1.215 (1.198, 1.233)

 
  

≥ 2

185,802

23,666

1185579.54

19.9615

1.460 (1.437, 1.483)

 

Dyslipidemia

No

0

1,031,372

48,200

7064268.54

6.8231

1 (Ref.)

1

  

1

272,265

20,425

1816591.38

11.2436

1.222 (1.202, 1.243)

 
  

≥ 2

136,859

14,392

874979.27

16.4484

1.490 (1.461, 1.519)

 
 

Yes

0

629,360

35,475

4325528.01

8.2013

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

231,149

19,623

1557459.14

12.5994

1.221 (1.200, 1.243)

 
  

≥ 2

146,381

16,923

952315.67

17.7704

1.501 (1.473, 1.530)

 

CKD

No

0

1,514,714

67,810

10416080.13

6.5101

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

437,839

30,519

2955953.15

10.3246

1.237 (1.220, 1.255)

 
  

≥ 2

235,440

23,102

1535964.61

15.0407

1.566 (1.542, 1.591)

 
 

Yes

0

146,018

15,865

973716.43

16.2932

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

65,575

9529

418097.38

22.7913

1.159 (1.129, 1.189)

 
  

≥ 2

47,800

8213

291330.33

28.1914

1.301 (1.266, 1.337)

 

CVD History

No

0

1,637,488

80,578

11241155.6

7.1681

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

490,486

37,989

3294519.44

11.531

1.228 (1.213, 1.243)

 
  

≥ 2

272,071

29,164

1762004.36

16.5516

1.510 (1.489, 1.532)

 
 

Yes

0

23,244

3097

148640.96

20.8354

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

12,928

2059

79531.08

25.8892

1.086 (1.025, 1.150)

 
  

≥ 2

11,169

2151

65290.59

32.945

1.266 (1.196, 1.340)

 

Insulin use

No

0

1,554,866

71,973

10701079.56

6.7258

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

451,198

32,616

3045178.98

10.7107

1.240 (1.223, 1.256)

 
  

≥ 2

241,181

23,783

1575053.52

15.0998

1.528 (1.504, 1.552)

 
 

Yes

0

105,866

11,702

688,717

16.991

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

52,216

7432

328871.54

22.5985

1.132 (1.099, 1.166)

 
  

≥ 2

42,059

7532

252241.43

29.8603

1.371 (1.331, 1.413)

 

OHA Number

< 3

0

1,447,758

67,235

9917565.36

6.7794

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

419,931

31,222

2811278.27

11.106

1.232 (1.215, 1.249)

 
  

≥ 2

231,638

24,384

1493841.85

16.323

1.530 (1.506, 1.554)

 
 

3+

0

212,974

16,440

1472231.2

11.1667

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

83,483

8826

562772.25

15.6831

1.182 (1.151, 1.213)

 
  

≥ 2

51,602

6931

333453.09

20.7855

1.380 (1.341, 1.420)

 

DM Duration

< 5

0

1,213,752

47,295

8332764.95

5.6758

1 (Ref.)

< 0.0001

  

1

323,623

20,470

2176231.39

9.4062

1.272 (1.251, 1.293)

 
  

≥ 2

169,443

15,412

1100868.29

13.9999

1.619 (1.588, 1.650)

 
 

5+

0

446,980

36,380

3057031.61

11.9004

1 (Ref.)

 
  

1

179,791

19,578

1197819.13

16.3447

1.165 (1.145, 1.186)

 
  

≥ 2

113,797

15,903

726426.66

21.8921

1.380 (1.353, 1.407)

 
  1. Competing risk Model 5: Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, low income, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, hypertension, dyslipidemia, CKD, CVD, fasting glucose, duration of DM ≥ 5 years, insulin use, and use of more than three types of oral hypoglycemic agents
  2. *Multiple testing was adjusted with Sidak method
  3. Abbreviations: Q, quartile; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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