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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the number of mental disorders

From: Impact of mental disorders on the risk of heart failure among Korean patients with diabetes: a cohort study

 

Number of mental disorders

p-value

p for trend

 

0

1

2

≥ 3

n

1,660,732

503,414

201,357

81,883

  

Age, years

54.84 ± 12.16

60.16 ± 11.36

62.63 ± 10.77

63.46 ± 10.6

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Age group, years

    

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 40

172,310 (10.38)

18,404 (3.66)

3617 (1.8)

1053 (1.29)

  

40–64

1,116,744 (67.24)

297,779 (59.15)

105,680 (52.48)

40,678 (49.68)

  

≥ 65

371,678 (22.38)

187,231 (37.19)

92,060 (45.72)

40,152 (49.04)

  

Sex

    

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Men

1,145,066 (68.95)

244,885 (48.64)

78,081 (38.78)

28,114 (34.33)

  

Women

515,666 (31.05)

258,529 (51.36)

123,276 (61.22)

53,769 (65.67)

  

Income, Q1 (Lowest)

341,567 (20.57)

108,084 (21.47)

44,733 (22.22)

19,073 (23.29)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Smoking

    

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Non

811,873 (48.89)

324,409 (64.44)

142,901 (70.97)

59,766 (72.99)

  

Ex

337,898 (20.35)

81,607 (16.21)

27,241 (13.53)

9642 (11.78)

  

Current

510,961 (30.77)

97,398 (19.35)

31,215 (15.5)

12,475 (15.24)

  

Drinking

    

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Non

820,369 (49.4)

333,872 (66.32)

151,442 (75.21)

65,795 (80.35)

  

Mild

640,898 (38.59)

131,264 (26.07)

39,407 (19.57)

12,808 (15.64)

  

Heavy

199,465 (12.01)

38,278 (7.6)

10,508 (5.22)

3280 (4.01)

  

Regular exercise

349,544 (21.05)

104,194 (20.7)

40,210 (19.97)

15,632 (19.09)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Hypertension

861,072 (51.85)

307,321 (61.05)

131,726 (65.42)

54,076 (66.04)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Dyslipidemia

629,360 (37.9)

231,149 (45.92)

102,340 (50.83)

44,041 (53.79)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

CKD

146,018 (8.79)

65,575 (13.03)

32,686 (16.23)

15,114 (18.46)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

CVD

23,244 (1.4)

12,928 (2.57)

7307 (3.63)

3862 (4.72)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

DM Duration, ≥ 5 years

446,980 (26.91)

179,791 (35.71)

80,347 (39.9)

33,450 (40.85)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Insulin

105,866 (6.37)

52,216 (10.37)

28,176 (13.99)

13,883 (16.95)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

OHA, ≥ 3 types

212,974 (12.82)

83,483 (16.58)

36,545 (18.15)

15,057 (18.39)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Depression

0 (0)

96,242 (19.12)

117,533 (58.37)

80,775 (98.65)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Bipolar

0 (0)

1159 (0.23)

1739 (0.86)

4386 (5.36)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Schizophrenia

0 (0)

3394 (0.67)

2867 (1.42)

4051 (4.95)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Insomnia

0 (0)

117,535 (23.35)

113,063 (56.15)

79,832 (97.5)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Anxiety

0 (0)

285,084 (56.63)

167,512 (83.19)

80,530 (98.35)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

BMI, kg/m2

25.11 ± 3.39

24.98 ± 3.36

24.85 ± 3.4

24.72 ± 3.46

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Waist Circumference, cm

85.53 ± 8.6

85.08 ± 8.62

84.84 ± 8.74

84.67 ± 8.9

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

SBP, mmHg

129.18 ± 15.76

128.77 ± 15.78

128.47 ± 15.82

127.51 ± 15.89

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

DBP, mmHg

79.55 ± 10.32

78.41 ± 10.06

77.89 ± 10.06

77.43 ± 10.11

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

148.29 ± 47.69

140.58 ± 44.81

136.98 ± 44.81

134.86 ± 45.52

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

198.21 ± 42.38

195.19 ± 42.81

193.86 ± 43.45

193.7 ± 44.38

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

HDL-C, mg/dL

51.92 ± 22.92

52.29 ± 24.34

52.51 ± 25.16

52.52 ± 26.31

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

LDL-C, mg/dL

111.83 ± 41.12

111.02 ± 40.94

110.25 ± 41.5

110.04 ± 41.73

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

eGFR

86.75 ± 36.72

83.82 ± 35.27

81.78 ± 34.94

80.55 ± 34.54

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

TG

149.71 (149.57–149.84)

141.21 (140.99–141.42)

139.08 (138.75–139.41)

139.98 (139.47–140.5)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percent)
  2. Abbreviations: Q, quartile; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TG, triglyceride