Total N = 862 | No progression N = 729 | Progression N = 133 | pc | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical variables | ||||
Age (years) | 52.9 ± 8.9 | 51.9 ± 8.7 | 58.3 ± 8.2 | < 0.0001 |
Male (%) | 47.2 | 42.5 | 72.9 | < 0.0001 |
Follow-up (years) | 4.8 (4.5–5.3) | 4.7 (4.5–5.2) | 4.8 (4.6–5.7) | < 0.05 |
Smoking (%) | 17.3 | 17.6 | 15.6 | NS |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 114.7 ± 16.0 | 113 ± 15.0 | 124.7 ± 18.0 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.2 ± 9.1 | 70.0 ± 8.6 | 75.8 ± 10.3 | < 0.0001 |
Antihypertensive use (%) | 17.6 | 17.6 | 18.0 | NS |
Statin use (%) | 10.0 | 9.1 | 15.0 | < 0.05 |
Biochemical variables | ||||
TC (mg/dL) | 194.0 ± 37.1 | 193.5 ± 36.4 | 197.2 ± 40.9 | NS |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 119.1 ± 32.1 | 118.7 ± 31.7 | 121.2 ± 33.9 | NS |
TG (mg/dL) | 146 (107–201) | 142 (106–197) | 157 (118–212) | 0.07 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46.5 ± 13.4 | 46.8 ± 13.4 | 44.8 ± 13.2 | NS |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.1 ± 9.2 | 89.6 ± 9.1 | 93.4 ± 9.4 | < 0.0001 |
Insulin resistance variables | ||||
HOMA-IR | 3.6 (2.6–5.2) | 3.5 (2.5–5.0) | 4.6 (2.9–5.8) | < 0.0001 |
METS-IR | 43.7 ± 9.2 | 43.4 ± 9.2 | 45.4 ± 9.1 | < 0.05 |
ADIPO-IR | 9.2 (6.0–13.9) | 8.9 (5.9–13.5) | 10.4 (6.4–15.9) | NS |
Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 8.1 (5.0–12.9) | 8.4 (5.1–13.4) | 6.7 (4.2–11.3) | < 0.01 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.8) | NS |
Adiposity measures | ||||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 4.3 | 28.1 ± 4.3 | 28.9 ± 4.1 | 0.06 |
WC (cm) | 94.0 ± 11.5 | 93.2 ± 11.5 | 97.8 ± 10.6 | < 0.0001 |
VAT (cm2) | 145 (106–185) | 137 (103–176) | 175 (136–212) | < 0.0001 |
SAT (cm2) | 283 (208–354) | 286(210–362) | 262 (199–338) | 0.08 |
PVF (cm3)b | 41.8 (29.2–56.5) | 40.7 (28.2–56.0) | 46.1 (32.9–63.9) | 0.01 |
METS-VF | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
Cardiovascular risk | ||||
ASCVD score | 3.1 (1.3–6.9) | 2.5 (1.2–5.7) | 7.3 (4.6–12.9) | < 0.0001 |
Baseline Agatston scorea | 0 (0–935) | 0 (0–673) | 11 (0–935) | < 0.0001 |
Follow-up Agatston scorea | 0 (0–1792) | 0 (0–768) | 75 (6–1792) | < 0.0001 |