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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the participants

From: Changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of Cardiovascular Disease among initially high-density lipoprotein-high participants

Characteristic

Participant

(n = 77,134)

Men

(n = 33,414)

Women

(n = 43,720)

P value

Age, years

56 (52–63)

56 (52–63)

56 (52–62)

< 0.001

Household incomea, n (%)

   

< 0.001

Upper half

47,747 (61.9)

22,935 (68.6)

24,812 (56.8)

 

Lower half

29,387 (38.1)

10,479 (31.4)

18,908 (43.2)

 

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.0 (21.2–25.0)

23.0 (21.2–24.9)

23.0 (21.2–25.0)

< 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

79 (73–84)

82 (77–87)

76 (71–82)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

122 (113–133)

126 (117–135)

120 (110–130)

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78 (70–82)

80 (70–85)

75 (70–80)

< 0.001

Triglyceride, mg/dL

90 (66–124)

94 (68–133)

87 (65–117)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

207 (185–232)

201 (180–226)

211 (189–236)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

67 (63–74)

67 (63–74)

68 (63–75)

< 0.001

Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L

19 (15–26)

21 (16–29)

18 (14–24)

< 0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L

24 (20–29)

25 (21–31)

23 (20–27)

< 0.001

γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, IU/L

22 (15–36)

32 (21–57)

17 (13–24)

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

22,386 (29.0)

10,055 (30.1)

12,331 (28.2)

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

5,544 (7.2)

2,946 (8.8)

2,598 (5.9)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

17,064 (22.1)

5,536 (16.6)

11,528 (26.4)

< 0.001

Cigarette smoking, n (%)

   

< 0.001

Never smoker

54,744 (71.0)

11,867 (35.5)

42,877 (98.1)

 

Former smoker

12,948 (16.8)

12,631 (37.8)

317 (0.7)

 

Current smoker

9,442 (12.2)

8,916 (26.7)

526 (1.2)

 

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

   

< 0.001

Yes

31,593 (41.0)

23,852 (71.4)

7,741 (17.7)

 

No

45,541 (59.0)

9,562 (28.6)

35,979 (82.3)

 

MVPA, n (%)

   

< 0.001

0 time/week

34,544 (44.8)

12,345 (36.9)

22,199 (50.8)

 

1–2 time/week

12,482 (16.2)

5,977 (17.9)

6,505 (14.9)

 

3–4 time/week

11,174 (14.5)

5,524 (16.5)

5,650 (12.9)

 

≥ 5 time/week

18,934 (24.5)

9,568 (28.6)

9,366 (21.4)

 

Charlson comorbidity index, n (%)

   

< 0.001

0

28,804 (37.3)

13,799 (41.3)

15,005 (34.3)

 

1

25,965 (33.7)

10,799 (32.3)

15,166 (34.7)

 

≥ 2

22,365 (29.0)

8,816 (26.4)

13,549 (31.0)

 
  1. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified
  2. aProxy for socioeconomic status based on the insurance premium of the National Health Insurance Service
  3. Acronyms: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity