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Table 2 Clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with and without MACE

From: CT-derived fractional flow reserve for prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients

 

Training set

Internal validation set

External test set

MACE (−)

MACE (+)

p value

MACE (−)

MACE (+)

p value

MACE (−)

MACE (+)

p value

N = 892

N = 65

N = 376

N = 35

N = 400

N = 29

Age (years)

62.0 [55.0–68.2]

65.0 [59.0–71.0]

0.012

61.0 [54.0–69.0]

67.0 [60.5–75.5]

0.002

61.0 [53.0–68.0]

64.0 [59.0–68.0]

0.103

Males, n (%)

493 (55.3)

43 (66.2)

0.115

224 (59.6)

19 (54.3)

0.668

235 (58.8)

17 (58.6)

1.000

BMI, kg/m2

24.4 [22.5–26.8]

24.9 [22.7–26.7]

0.764

24.2 [22.3–26.5]

24.5 [22.2–25.8]

0.833

25.0 [22.7–27.5]

24.0 [22.5–26.8]

0.521

Course of diabetes (years)

10.0 [4.00–16.0]

10.0 [6.00–17.0]

0.124

10.0 [3.00–15.0]

13.0 [5.00–17.5]

0.106

10.0 [3.00–16.0]

10.0 [5.00–15.0]

0.536

Hypertension, n (%)

489 (54.8)

44 (67.7)

0.059

193 (51.3)

25 (71.4)

0.036

220 (55.0)

22 (75.9)

0.046

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

508 (57.0)

35 (53.8)

0.720

229 (60.9)

20 (57.1)

0.799

291 (72.8)

21 (72.4)

1.000

Current smoking, n (%)

278 (31.2)

22 (33.8)

0.756

114 (30.3)

8 (22.9)

0.465

119 (29.8)

9 (31.0)

1.000

Fast glucose (mmol/L)

7.00 [5.46–9.50]

7.50 [5.96–9.86]

0.338

6.80 [5.52–9.50]

6.05 [5.29–9.34]

0.262

7.78 [6.02–10.9]

6.61 [5.40–9.02]

0.102

HbA1c (%)

8.30 [7.10–9.90]

9.40 [7.60–10.8]

0.029

8.40 [7.10–10.1]

8.50 [7.20–10.2]

0.737

8.50 [7.20–10.3]

8.90 [7.00–10.3]

0.940

CT-FFR ≤ 0.8, n (%)

46 (5.16)

27 (41.5)

 < 0.001

27 (7.18)

14 (40.0)

 < 0.001

17 (4.25)

9 (31.0)

 < 0.001

Obstructive CAD, n (%)

240 (26.9)

46 (70.8)

 < 0.001

102 (27.1)

25 (71.4)

 < 0.001

72 (18.0)

18 (62.1)

 < 0.001

CACS

2.56 [0.00–45.7]

87.5 [13.1–275]

 < 0.001

5.69 [0.00–59.9]

47.9 [11.1–243]

 < 0.001

2.25 [0.00–48.2]

59.9 [11.1–262]

 < 0.001

HRP, n (%)

231 (25.9)

41 (63.1)

 < 0.001

97 (25.8)

21 (60.0)

 < 0.001

86 (21.5)

15 (51.7)

0.001

LAP, n (%)

234 (26.2)

43 (66.2)

 < 0.001

98 (26.1)

22 (62.9)

 < 0.001

84 (21.0)

13 (44.8)

0.006

PR, n (%)

450 (50.4)

55 (84.6)

 < 0.001

195 (51.9)

31 (88.6)

 < 0.001

200 (50.0)

25 (86.2)

 < 0.001

SC, n (%)

49 (5.49)

9 (13.8)

0.013

22 (5.85)

5 (14.3)

0.068

20 (5.00)

3 (10.3)

0.197

NRS, n (%)

81 (9.08)

15 (23.1)

0.001

37 (9.84)

9 (25.7)

0.009

23 (5.75)

5 (17.2)

0.032

Microvascular complications, n (%)

645 (72.3)

49 (75.4)

0.695

261 (69.4)

27 (77.1)

0.446

305 (76.2)

25 (86.2)

0.317

  1. BMI, body mass index; CACS, Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring; CAD, Coronary artery disease; CT-FFR, computed tomography fractional flow reserve; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HRP, high-risk plaque; LAP, low-attenuation plaque; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; NRS, napkin-ring sign; PR, positive remodeling; SC, spotty calcification
  2. Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR). SD, standard deviation
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840