Table 3 Treatment patterns during follow-up
From: Time-dependent effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular benefits: a real-world study
| Â | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention |
|---|---|---|
N | 395 | 155 |
Duration of follow-up | 5.0 (0.25–10.8) | 3.6 (0–10.3) |
GLP-1 RA during follow-upa | ||
Lixisenatide | 2 (0.5%) | 0 |
Exenatide BID | 6 (1.5%) | 1 (0.6%) |
Exenatide LAR | 12 (3.0%) | 3 (1.9%) |
Liraglutide | 257 (65.1%) | 94 (60.6%) |
Dulaglutide | 182 (46.1%) | 80 (51.6%) |
Semaglutide (weekly) | 63 (15.9%) | 7 (4.5%) |
Insulin degludec + liraglutide | 21 (5.3%) | 5 (3.2%) |
Duration of GLP-1 treatment, years | 3.2 (0–10.8) | 2.5 (0–10.3) |
GLP-1 RA discontinuation | 159 (40.25%) | 63 (40.65%) |
Reasons for GLP-1 RA discontinuation | ||
GI symptoms | 50 (31.4%b) | 24 (38.1%c) |
Inefficacy | 74 (46.5%b) | 25 (40.0%c) |
Noncompliance | 11 (6.9%b) | 3 (4.8%c) |
Other (e.g.: drug discontinued during hospitalizations, prescription expired, switch to SGLT2i…) | 11 (6.9%b) | 3 (4.8%c) |
Worsening of kidney function | 5 (3.1%b) | 1 (1.6%c) |
Malaise, fatigue, dizziness or myalgias | 4 (2.5%b) | 2 (3.2%c) |
Allergic or cutaneous reactions | 3 (1.9%b) | 2 (3.2%c) |
Incident pancreatitis or biliary disorders | 2 (1.3%b) | 1 (1.6%c) |
Tachycardia | 1 (0.6%b) | 1 (1.6%c) |
Treatment persistence | ||
GLP-1 RA ongoing at year 1 | 333 (84.3%) | 121 (78.1%) |
GLP-1 RA ongoing at year 2 | 297 (75.2%) | 104 (67.1%) |
GLP-1 RA ongoing at year 4 | 163 (64.9%d) | 42 (56%d) |
GLP-1 RA ongoing at year 6 | 100 (57.1%d) | 24 (55.8%d) |
GLP-1 RA ongoing at year 8 | 65 (60.2%d) | 14 (50.0%d) |
GLP-1 RA ongoing at year 10 | 15 (53.6%d) | 3 (75%d) |
Switched to a different GLP-1 RA | 133 (33.7%) | 32 (20.6%) |
Treated with a single molecule | 262 (66.3%) | 123 (79.4%) |
Switched to lixisenatide | 0 | 0 |
Switched to exenatide BID | 0 | 0 |
Switched to exenatide LAR | 6 (1.5%) | 3 (1.9%) |
Switched to liraglutide | 9 (2.3%) | 2 (1.3%) |
Switched to dulaglutide | 46 (11.6%) | 17 (11.0%) |
Switched to semaglutide | 56 (14.2%) | 6 (3.9%) |
Switched to insulin degludec + liraglutide | 15 (3.8%) | 4 (2.6%) |
Anti-diabetic medications taken with GLP-1 RAs | ||
Metformin | 359 (90.89%) | 134 (86.45%) |
Pioglitazone | 86 (21.77%) | 15 (9.68%) |
Acarbose | 9 (2.28%) | 1 (0.65%) |
Sulfonylureas/meglitinides | 158 (40.00%) | 53 (34.19%) |
Insulin | 109 (27.59%) | 42 (27.10%) |
SGLT-2 inhibitors | 13 (3.29%) | 4 (2.58%) |
Anti-diabetic medications after GLP-1 RA withdrawal | N = 159 | N = 63 |
Metformin | 139 (86.3%b) | 51 (82.3%c) |
Pioglitazone | 32 (19.9%b) | 5 (8.1%c) |
Acarbose | 8 (5.0%b) | 2 (3.2%c) |
Sulfonylureas/meglitinides | 84 (52.2%b) | 26 (41.9%c) |
Insulin | 100 (62.1%b) | 43 (69.4%c) |
SGLT-2 inhibitors | 70 (44.03%b) | 25 (39.68%c) |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 40 (24.8%b) | 22 (35.5%c) |
Severe hypoglycemic events | 5 (1.0%; 3 patients with 1 episode, 1 patient with 2 episodes) | 0 |