Table 2 Metabolic outcomes reported in selected meta-analyses of GLP-1RA plus SGLT2i combination therapy
Outcome | Compared to GLP-1RAs alone | Compared to SGLT2is alone | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | WMD (95% CI) | Nb of RCTs | WMD (95% CI) | Nb of RCTs |
Meta-analysis by Mantsiou et al. [57] of 7 RCTs including 1913 adults with T2DM | ||||
 HbA1c reduction |  − 0.61% (− 1.09% to − 0.14%) | 4 |  − 0.85% (− 1.19% to − 0.52%) | 6 |
 Body weight loss |  − 2.59 kg (− 3.68 to − 1.51 kg) | 3 |  − 1.46 kg (− 2.94 to 0.03 kg) | 5 |
 SBP reduction |  − 4.13 mmHg (− 7.28 to − 0.99) | 4 |  − 2.66 mmHg (− 5.26 to − 0.06) | 6 |
Outcome | SMD (95% CI) compared to active control/placebo | p-value |
|---|---|---|
Meta-analysis by Guo et al. (2020) [58] of 5 RCTs and 6 non-RCTs including 1,604 adults with T2DM or obesity | ||
 HbA1c reduction |  − 1.32% (− 1.43% to − 1.20%) |  < 0.001 |
 Body weight loss |  − 0.93 kg (− 1.04 to − 0.83 kg) |  < 0.001 |
 SBP reduction |  − 1.05 mmHg (− 1.17 to − 0.93 mmHg) |  < 0.001 |
Outcome | SMD (95% CI) compared to GLP-1RAs alone and SGLT2is alone | p-value |
|---|---|---|
Meta-analysis by Li et al. [59] of 8 RCTs including 1,895 adults with T2DM | ||
 HbA1c reduction |  − 0.77% (− 1.03% to − 0.50%) |  < 0.001 |
 Body weight loss |  − 0.36 kg (− 0.50 to − 0.21 kg) |  < 0.001 |
 SBP reduction |  − 0.33 mmHg (− 0.49 to − 0.17 mmHg) |  < 0.001 |