Table 1 Baseline characteristics overall and by uACR categories in participants
Overall 9287 | < 3 mg/mmol 6120 | 3–30 mg/mmol 2611 | ≥ 30 mg/mmol 556 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart failure | 219 (2.33%) | 72 (1.18) | 84 (3.22) | 60 (10.79) | < 0.001 |
Male, n(%) | 6815 (72.37) | 4452 (72.75) | 1887 (72.27) | 415 (74.64) | 0.513 |
Age, year | 61.10 ± 0.97 | 60.42 ± 9.78 | 62.17 ± 10.05 | 63.57 ± 10.09 | < 0.001 |
uACRa, mg/mmol | 1.67 (0.80 4.61) | 1.01 (0.63–1.64) | 6.18 (4.13–11.29) | 61.66 (42.68–114.64) | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 146.70 ± 20.69 | 143.56 ± 19.72 | 151.82 ± 20.74 | 157.01 ± 22.30 | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 82.92 ± 11.03 | 81.95 ± 10.52 | 84.57 ± 11.64 | 86.01 ± 12.04 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 77.48 ± 12.82 | 76.58 ± 12.43 | 78.99 ± 13.22 | 80.39 ± 13.58 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 90.72 ± 9.62 | 90.32 ± 9.57 | 91.38 ± 9.69 | 91.96 ± 9.63 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.81 ± 3.43 | 25.58 ± 3.32 | 26.14 ± 3.58 | 26.54 ± 3.64 | < 0.001 |
Triglyceridesa, mmol/L | 1.53 (1.05–2.30) | 1.45 (1.00–2.18) | 1.68 (1.15–2.60) | 1.85 (1.26–2.83) | 0.008 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.48 ± 1.17 | 5.42 ± 1.13 | 5.58 ± 1.21 | 5.81 ± 1.38 | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterola, mmol/L | 1.37 (1.18–1.62) | 1.39 (1.19–1.64) | 1.34 (1.16–1.58) | 1.32 (1.12–1.57) | 0.505 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.24 ± 0.95 | 3.20 ± 0.92 | 3.30 ± 0.99 | 3.42 ± 1.05 | 0.001 |
FBG, mmol/L | 9.10 ± 3.26 | 8.54 ± 2.95 | 10.04 ± 3.48 | 10.77 ± 3.86 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, %(mmol/mol) | 7.60 ± 1.65, 57.36 ± 18.21 | 7.32 ± 1.54, 56.50 ± 16.79 | 8.10 ± 1.74, 65.05 ± 19.40 | 8.40 ± 1.84, 68.31 ± 19.95 | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 150.65 ± 14.51 | 150.66 ± 14.16 | 151.00 ± 14.61 | 148.89 ± 17.47 | 0.019 |
Albumin, g/L | 44.4 ± 9.07 | 44.56 ± 8.73 | 44.33 ± 9.77 | 43.15 ± 9.21 | 0.002 |
BUN, mmol/L | 6.08 ± 2.15 | 5.99 ± 2.06 | 6.08 ± 2.03 | 7.05 ± 3.23 | < 0.001 |
Hs-CRPa,mg/L | 1.10 (0.34–2.76) | 0.93 (0.29–2.40) | 1.41 (0.47–3.39) | 1.68 (0.68–3.65) | 0.264 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 90.95 ± 16.92 | 91.93 ± 16.09 | 90.30 ± 16.70 | 83.29 ± 23.25 | < 0.001 |
smoking | 3123 (33.63) | 2092 (34.18) | 860 (32.94) | 171 (30.76) | 0.177 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 5272 (56.77) | 3161 (51.65) | 1719 (65.84) | 392 (70.50) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 100 (1.09) | 55 (0.90) | 38 (1.46) | 7 (1.28) | 0.063 |
CHD, n (%) | 493 (5.31) | 309 (5.05) | 146 (5.59) | 38 (6.83) | 0.148 |
Anti-diabetic treatment, n (%) | 3947 (41.91) | 2294 (37.46) | 1269 (48.60) | 338 (60.79) | < 0.001 |
Insulin, n (%) | 1678 (17.82) | 906 (14.80) | 555 (21.26) | 191 (34.35) | < 0.001 |
Oral medicine, n (%) | 2274 (24.15) | 1391 (22.73) | 715(27.38) | 148(26.62) | < 0.001 |
Antihypertensive treatment, n (%) | 3899 (41.98) | 2461 (40.21) | 1136 (43.51) | 302 (54.32) | < 0.001 |
ACEI or ARB, n (%) | 923 (9.94) | 501 (8.19) | 311 (11.91) | 111 (19.96) | < 0.001 |
Beta-blocker, n (%) | 471 (5.07) | 267 (4.36) | 155 (5.94) | 49 (8.81) | 0.710 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 869(9.36) | 434 (7.09) | 309 (11.83) | 126 (22.66) | < 0.001 |
Diuretic, n (%) | 280 (3.01) | 121 (1.98) | 104 (3.98) | 55 (9.89) | 0.001 |
Others, n (%) | 2460 (26.49) | 1682 (27.48) | 643(24.63) | 135 (24.28) | 0.001 |