Skip to main content

Table 2 All categorized covariates that were multivariate adjusted for in the final model

From: Estimated glucose disposal rate is associated with retinopathy and kidney disease in young people with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide observational study

 

Retinopathy

Kidney disease

Hazard ratio

Confidence interval

p-value

Hazard ratio

Confidence interval

p-value

8 ≤ eGDR, mg/kg/min

REF

  

REF

  

6 ≤ eGDR < 8, mg/kg/min

1.29

1.20–1.40

< 0.001

1.30

1.11–1.51

0.001

4 ≤ eGDR < 6, mg/kg/min

1.50

1.31–1.71

< 0.001

1.58

1.25–1.99

< 0.001

eGDR < 4, mg/kg/min

1.74

1.41–2.14

< 0.001

1.33

0.95–1.86

0.099

Male

REF

  

REF

  

Female

0.99

0.92–1.06

0.70

1.34

1.17–1.53

< 0.001

Age at diabetes onset < 15 yrs

REF

     

15 ≤ Age < 20 yrs

2.27

1.63–3.15

< 0.001

3.88

2.79–5.40

< 0.001

20 ≤ Age < 25 yrs

3.62

2.62–5.00

< 0.001

4.09

2.95–5.66

< 0.001

25 ≤ Age < 30 yrs

3.91

2.82–5.42

< 0.001

3.04

2.15–4.29

< 0.001

30 ≤ Age < 40 yrs

3.62

2.59–5.05

< 0.001

3.49

2.44–5.01

< 0.001

Physical activity, daily

REF

  

REF

  

Physical activity, 3–5 times/week

1.03

0.93–1.13

0.59

0.78

0.64–0.94

0.009

Physical activity, 1–2 times/week

1.01

0.91–1.11

0.88

1.04

0.86–1.25

0.70

Physical activity, < 1 times/week

1.10

0.98–1.23

0.091

1.11

0.90–1.37

0.34

Physical activity, never

1.01

0.88–1.15

0.93

1.37

1.08–1.72

0.008

Non-smoker

REF

  

REF

  

Smoker

1.31

1.19–1.44

< 0.001

1.24

1.04–1.48

0.014

Insulin method, injection

REF

  

REF

  

Insulin method, pump

0.98

0.91–1.06

0.66

0.96

0.82–1.12

0.61

LDL < 2.6, mmol/L

REF

  

REF

  

2.6 ≤ LDL < 4.1, mmol/L

1.09

1.00–1.18

0.062

1.21

1.02–1.44

0.027

4.1 ≤ LDL, mmol/L

1.14

0.96–1.36

0.14

1.36

1.01–1.83

0.045

HDL < 1.1, mmol/L

REF

  

REF

  

1.1 ≤ HDL, mmol/L

0.94

0.85–1.04

0.21

0.89

0.74–1.07

0.23

Cholesterol < 4.5, mmol/L

REF

  

REF

  

Cholesterol ≥ 4.5, mmol/L

0.92

0.84–1.00

0.63

0.97

0.81–1.16

0.74

Triglyceride < 1.7, mmol/L

REF

  

REF

  

1.7 ≤ Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.21

1.10–1.34

< 0.001

1.43

1.21–1.69

< 0.001

ASA, no

REF

  

REF

  

ASA, yes

1.33

0.99–1.79

0.056

1.71

1.12–2.60

0.012

Antihypertensive, no

REF

  

REF

  

Antihypertensive therapy, yes

0.85

0.72–1.00

0.052

3.96

3.15–4.98

< 0.001

Lipid lowering drug, no

REF

  

REF

  

Lipid lowering drug, yes

1.13

0.99–1.30

0.078

1.02

0.79–1.32

0.87

90 ≤ eGFR, mL/min

REF

  

REF

  

60 ≤ eGFR < 90, ml/min

0.85

0.75–0.97

0.013

1.02

0.78–1.33

0.88

45 ≤ eGFR < 60, ml/min

0.86

0.38–1.94

0.72

6.66

3.07–14.42

< 0.001

30 ≤ eGFR < 45, ml/min

0.73

0.23–2.32

0.60

9.26

2.92–29.33

< 0.001

eGFR < 30, mL/min

0.79

0.11–5.67

0.82

5.61

1.72–18.30

0.004

  1. All covariates are time-varying, but sex. Continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile range and categorical variables as proportions
  2. ASA acetylsalicylic acid, BMI body mass index, eGDR estimated glucose disposal rate, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin 1c, HDL cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Yrs years
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840