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Table 2 Impact of LDL-cholesterol level on SCA and subgroup analysis

From: Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sudden cardiac arrest in people with diabetes mellitus

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

N

Event

Duration

IR, per 1000

Adjusted HR

Whole cohort

 < 70

343,781

4313

2,335,003

1.847

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

305,842

3283

2,083,277

1.575

0.884 (0.844–0.925)

 < 100

389,404

4033

2,668,129

1.511

0.884 (0.846–0.923)

 < 115

415,948

3969

2,857,482

1.388

0.843 (0.806–0.881)

 < 130

380,029

3602

2,618,974

1.375

0.871 (0.832–0.912)

 < 145

297,720

2768

2,052,509

1.348

0.898 (0.855–0.943)

 < 160

203,636

1798

1,405,373

1.279

0.896 (0.847–0.947)

 ≥ 160

266,217

2575

1,831,046

1.406

1.059 (1.007–1.113)

Male

 < 70

235,091

3420

1,587,304

2.154

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

192,013

2390

1,299,316

1.839

0.852 (0.809–0.898)

 < 100

242,681

2936

1,652,335

1.776

0.861 (0.819–0.905)

 < 115

256,338

2838

1,750,195

1.621

0.817 (0.777–0.860)

 < 130

227,758

2482

1,560,248

1.590

0.837 (0.794–0.883)

 < 145

170,905

1843

1,170,216

1.574

0.867 (0.819–0.919)

 < 160

110,355

1152

755,774

1.524

0.880 (0.822–0.941)

 ≥ 160

127,157

1503

865,297

1.736

1.058 (0.995–1.125)

Female

 < 70

108,690

893

747,698

1.194

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

113,829

893

783,961

1.139

1.002 (0.913–1.100)

 < 100

146,723

1097

1,015,794

1.079

0.979 (0.895–1.070)

 < 115

159,610

1131

1,107,286

1.021

0.943 (0.862–1.032)

 < 130

152,271

1120

1,058,726

1.057

0.994 (0.908–1.088)

 < 145

126,815

925

882,293

1.048

1.007 (0.916–1.107)

 < 160

93,281

646

649,599

0.994

0.973 (0.877–1.079)

 ≥ 160

139,060

1072

965,748

1.110

1.125 (1.028–1.232)

BMI < 25

 < 70

179,832

2746

1,198,668

2.290

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

163,692

2037

1,100,486

1.851

0.843 (0.796–0.893)

 < 100

207,600

2486

1,407,077

1.766

0.828 (0.784–0.875)

 < 115

217,849

2409

1,482,357

1.625

0.776 (0.734–0.821)

 < 130

194,372

2175

1,328,505

1.637

0.804 (0.759–0.852)

 < 145

147,945

1604

1,011,792

1.585

0.809 (0.759–0.861)

 < 160

98,373

1060

674,577

1.571

0.837 (0.779–0.899)

 ≥ 160

125,585

1457

857,366

1.699

0.974 (0.913–1.039)

BMI ≥ 25

 < 70

163,949

1567

1,136,334

1.379

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

142,150

1246

982,791

1.267

0.952 (0.884–1.026)

 < 100

181,804

1547

1,261,051

1.226

0.978 (0.911–1.050)

 < 115

198,099

1560

1,375,125

1.134

0.954 (0.888–1.025)

 < 130

185,657

1427

1,290,468

1.105

0.979 (0.909–1.054)

 < 145

149,775

1164

1,040,716

1.118

1.043 (0.965–1.128)

 < 160

105,263

738

730,795

1.009

0.987 (0.902–1.079)

 ≥ 160

140,632

1118

973,679

1.148

1.194 (1.104–1.292)

Statin naïve

 < 70

166,004

2195

1,124,450

1.952

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

176,963

1906

1,200,642

1.587

0.810 (0.761–0.861)

 < 100

269,908

2744

1,845,959

1.486

0.781 (0.738–0.826)

 < 115

322,591

2959

2,213,922

1.336

0.729 (0.689–0.771)

 < 130

307,768

2816

2,117,839

1.329

0.758 (0.717–0.802)

 < 145

237,304

2127

1,633,582

1.302

0.784 (0.738–0.832)

 < 160

152,870

1316

1,051,772

1.251

0.794 (0.741–0.851)

 ≥ 160

167,722

1617

1,148,656

1.407

0.963 (0.902–1.028)

Statin use

 < 70

177,777

2118

1,210,552

1.749

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

128,879

1377

882,635

1.560

0.954 (0.892–1.021)

 < 100

119,496

1289

822,169

1.567

1.020 (0.951–1.093)

 < 115

93,357

1010

643,559

1.569

1.062 (0.985–1.145)

 < 130

72,261

786

501,135

1.568

1.109 (1.022–1.204)

 < 145

60,416

641

418,926

1.530

1.127 (1.031–1.232)

 < 160

50,766

482

353,600

1.363

1.060 (0.960–1.171)

 ≥ 160

98,495

958

682,389

1.403

1.198 (1.108–1.295)

Insulin naïve

 < 70

302,401

3272

2,071,675

1.579

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

272,445

2562

1,867,817

1.371

0.886 (0.842–0.934)

 < 100

352,287

3204

2,427,033

1.320

0.875 (0.833–0.920)

 < 115

380,823

3266

2,628,009

1.242

0.845 (0.804–0.888)

 < 130

351,133

2929

2,428,968

1.205

0.849 (0.806–0.893)

 < 145

276,886

2299

1,915,834

1.200

0.884 (0.837–0.934)

 < 160

190,250

1502

1,316,982

1.140

0.882 (0.829–0.939)

 ≥ 160

248,411

2123

1,714,647

1.238

1.039 (0.982–1.098)

Insulin use

 < 70

41,380

1041

263,327

3.953

1 (Ref.)

 < 75

33,397

721

215,460

3.346

0.874 (0.795–0.962)

 < 100

37,117

829

241,096

3.438

0.918 (0.837–1.007)

 < 115

35,125

703

229,473

3.063

0.826 (0.749–0.911)

 < 130

28,896

673

190,006

3.541

0.978 (0.885–1.080)

 < 145

20,834

469

136,675

3.431

0.963 (0.862–1.076)

 < 160

13,386

296

88,390

3.348

0.971 (0.852–1.107)

 ≥ 160

17,806

452

1,16,398

3.883

1.169 (1.045–1.308)

  1. Hazard ratio was adjusted with age, sex, income, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, regular exercise, hypertension, fasting blood glucose, duration of diabetes mellitus, use of insulin, use of oral hypoglycemic agent, and use of statin
  2. LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IR incidence rate, HR hazard ratio, BMI body mass index