Table 2 Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance analysis of the patients with and without diabetes in the imaging cohort
Total (n = 253) | Non-DM (N = 187) | DM (N = 66) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Echocardiography | ||||
LV end-diastolic dimension (mm) | 50.2 ± 6.7 | 50.1 ± 6.8 | 50.6 ± 6.4 | 0.633 |
LV end-systolic dimension (mm) | 31.8 ± 7.8 | 31.5 ± 7.4 | 32.4 ± 9.0 | 0.423 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 132 ± 40 | 133 ± 41 | 130 ± 37 | 0.625 |
Relative wall thickness | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 0.44 ± 0.09 | 0.974 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 59.6 ± 9.9 | 60.3 ± 8.9 | 57.6 ± 12.0 | 0.104 |
Left atrial diameter (mm) | 43.8 ± 6.9 | 43.4 ± 7.1 | 44.8 ± 6.2 | 0.181 |
E velocity (m/s) | 0.79 ± 0.38 | 0.76 ± 0.36 | 0.88 ± 0.43 | 0.038 |
A velocity (m/s) | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 0.86 ± 0.30 | 0.90 ± 0.26 | 0.335 |
Deceleration time (ms) | 247 ± 79 | 253 ± 83 | 229 ± 64 | 0.022 |
E/A | 0.78 [0.63–1.10] | 0.78 [0.63–1.09] | 0.78 [0.60–1.10] | 0.894 |
e′ velocity (cm/s) | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 0.007 |
a′ velocity (cm/s) | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 2.1 | 0.714 |
s′ velocity (cm/s) | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 0.132 |
E/e′ | 15.7 [12.3–21.2] | 15.2 [12.1–20.0] | 19.2 [13.3–31.0] | 0.002 |
TR Vmax (m/s) | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.013 |
PASP (mmHg) | 34.4 ± 9.4 | 33.3 ± 8.0 | 38.0 ± 12.4 | 0.015 |
Left atrial volume index (mL/m2) | 49.2 [39.0–62.7] | 50.8 [38.0–63.2] | 48.0 [41.2–58.0] | 0.642 |
Peak aortic velocity (m/s) | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 0.036 |
AV mean PG (mmHg) | 55 ± 21 | 56 ± 22 | 51 ± 21 | 0.095 |
AV area (cm2) | 0.76 ± 0.23 | 0.76 ± 0.22 | 0.74 ± 0.25 | 0.371 |
AS severity (by AV area) | 0.803 | |||
Severe AS | 218 (86.5) | 162 (87.1) | 56 (84.8) | |
Moderate AS | 34 (13.5) | 24 (12.9) | 10 (15.2) | |
Presence of LVDD (n = 231) | 139 (60.2) | 92 (53.5) | 47 (79.7) | 0.001 |
LVDD grade (n = 208) | 0.013 | |||
Normal | 40 (19.2) | 38 (23.9) | 2 (4.1) | |
Indeterminate | 52 (25.0) | 42 (26.4) | 10 (20.4) | |
Grade 1 LVDD | 21 (10.1) | 14 (8.8) | 7 (14.3) | |
Grade 2 LVDD | 85 (40.9) | 58 (36.5) | 27 (55.1) | |
Grade 3 LVDD | 10 (4.8) | 7 (4.4) | 3 (6.1) | |
Cardiac magnetic resonance | ||||
Indexed LVEDV (mL/m2) | 109.3 ± 47.8 | 112.2 ± 50.8 | 100.9 ± 36.8 | 0.056 |
Indexed LVESV (mL/m2) | 45.1 ± 34.3 | 45.6 ± 35.9 | 43.8 ± 29.3 | 0.715 |
Indexed LVSV (mL/m2) | 58.0 ± 17.4 | 60.5 ± 18.0 | 50.9 ± 13.2 | < 0.001 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 62.9 ± 13.8 | 64.0 ± 13.5 | 59.5 ± 14.0 | 0.021 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 101.6 ± 36.7 | 101.6 ± 37.0 | 101.3 ± 36.1 | 0.950 |
LV mass/volume ratioa (g/mL) | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 0.98 ± 0.35 | 1.05 ± 0.32 | 0.191 |
ECV (%) | 26.8 [25.1–28.9] | 26.7 [24.9–28.5] | 27.9 [25.7–30.1] | 0.025 |
Presence of LGE | 112 (44.3) | 75 (40.1) | 37 (56.1) | 0.036 |
LGE (%) | 0.0 [0.0–0.7] | 0.0 [0.0–0.5] | 0.3 [0.0–1.6] | 0.009 |
LGE (%) in patients with LGE | 0.8 [0.2–1.9] | 0.6 [0.2–1.5] | 1.2 [0.4–2.9] | 0.026 |