Triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as potential cardiovascular disease risk factors: an analysis of UK biobank data

Table 4 Mediation analysis to evaluate whether prevalent dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension mediated the associations of the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio with cardiovascular disease risk^a

	Dyslipidemia	P	Type 2 diabetes	P	Hypertension	P	Combined mediation effect	P
	Proportion mediated, % (95% CI)	P	Proportion mediated, % (95% CI)	P	Proportion mediated, % (95% CI)	P	Proportion mediated, % (95% CI)	P
TyG index^b
Cardiovascular disease	45.8 (34.4–57.7)	< 0.001	27.0 (19.5–36.1)	< 0.001	15.0 (9.8–22.2)	< 0.001	56.5 (41.7–70.2)	< 0.001
Coronary heart disease	36.1 (28.0–44.9)	< 0.001	20.6 (15.4–26.9)	< 0.001	11.1 (7.2–16.7)	< 0.001	43.6 (33.6–54.1)	< 0.001
TG/HDL-C ratio^b
Cardiovascular disease	40.0 (32.8–47.7)	< 0.001	11.8 (9.1–15.2)	< 0.001	13.3 (9.8–17.8)	< 0.001	46.6 (38.0–55.4)	< 0.001
Coronary heart disease	33.5 (27.9–39.6)	< 0.001	9.6 (7.5–12.3)	< 0.001	10.6 (7.8–14.3)	< 0.001	38.3 (31.8–45.4)	< 0.001

TyG, triglyceride-glucose; TG/HDL-C, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
^aAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity (White and others), region (England, Scotland, and Wales), Townsend Deprivation Index, current smoking (yes or no), physical activity (< 150 or ≥ 150 min/week), body mass index (kg/m²), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), total cholesterol (mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), uric acid (mg/dL), glycated hemoglobin (mmol/mol), estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L), aspirin use (yes or no), insulin treatment (yes or no), antihypertensive medication (yes or no), cholesterol-lowering medication (yes or no), prevalent retinopathy (yes or no), and chronic kidney disease (yes or no)
^bPer 1 SD increment in log-transformed values

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