Table 1 Studies in animal models and humans with type I and/or type II diabetes showing cardiac structural and functional abnormalities
From: The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Study model | Cardiac functional changes | Diabetes type | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Humans | ↑ HR, ↑ LV wall thickness | Type II | Galderisi et al. [244] |
NZ diabetic rabbit | ↑ Susceptibility to ischemia | Type I | Hadour et al. [245] |
STZ-induced rat | LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction | Type I | Joffe et al. [246] |
Humans | ↑ LV mass and wall thickness, ↓ cardiac function | Type II | Devereux et al. [134] |
Isolated perfused heart of db/db mouse | ↓ Cardiac contractility, ↓ Glucose oxidation | Type II | Belke et al. [247] |
Humans | ↑ LV thickness and mass, ↑ cardiac output | IGT | Ilercil et al. [248] |
Humans | ↑ LV thickness and mass | Type I | Carugo et al. [249] |
IGF-1 transgenic mice | Systolic and diastolic dysfunction, ↓ LV compliance | Type I | Kajstura et al. [250] |
Humans | Diastolic dysfunction, Normal systolic function | Type I | Schannwell et al. [251] |
Diabetic apoB transgenic mice | Diastolic and systolic dysfunction, ↑ BNP | Type I | Nielsen et al. [252] |
Non-obese diabetic mice and rat | Systolic and diastolic dysfunction, ↓ Contractility | Type I | Pacher et al. [253] |
db/db and transgenic db/db-hGLUT4 mice | Systolic and diastolic dysfunction, ↓ Contractility | Type II | Semeniuk et al. [254] |
Isolated perfused heart of STZ-induced diabetic mice | Systolic dysfunction, ↓ Contractility | Type I | Trost et al. [85] |
Isolated perfused heart of Zucker fatty rats | Systolic and diastolic dysfunction | Type II | Young et al. [255] |
Isolated perfused heart of db/db mice | ↑ Susceptibility to ischemia and dysfunction | Type II | Aasum et al. [256] |
db/db and ob/ob mice | Myocyte hypertrophy | Type II | Barouch et al. [257] |
ob/ob mice | Diastolic dysfunction | Type II | Christoffersen et al. [258] |
Humans | LVH, diastolic dysfunction | Type II | Bell [259] |
db/db mice | Contractile dysfunction | Type II | Belke et al. [44] |
Zucker fatty mice | LVH | Type II | Conti et al. [260] |
Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rat | LVH | Type II | Desrois et al. [261] |
Zucker fatty mice and Goto-Kakizaki rat | ↑ Susceptibility to ischemia | Type II | Kristiansen et al. [262] |
Isolated perfused heart of ob/ob mice | LVH | Type II | Mazumder et al. [263] |
Biobreeding diabetic rat | ↓ HR, ↓ contractility | Type I | Broderick and Hutchison [264] |
ob/ob mice | LVH, ↓ ionotropic response | Type II | Boudina et al. [265] |
Biobreeding diabetic rat | Diastolic dysfunction, ↓ HR, ↓ contractility | Type I | Broderick and Poirier [266] |
ob/ob mice and db/db mice | ↓ Contractility | Type II | Buchanan et al. [267] |
db/db mice | Cardiomyocyte dysfunction | Type II and I | Kralik et al. [268] |
Sucrose-fed rats | Diastolic and systolic dysfunction | Type II | Vasanji et al. [269] |
STZ-induced transgenic mice | Contractile dysfunction | Type I | Suarez et al. [270] |
Genetic (Akita)Â mice | Diastolic dysfunction | Type I | Basu et al. [271] |
db/db mice | Reduced stress compliance | Type II | Daniels et al. [272] |
STZ-induced rats | Increased stiffness | Type I | Bupha-Intr et al. [273] |
Zucker fatty rats | Impaired contraction | Type II | Howarth et al. [274] |
Genetic (Akita) mice | Diastolic and systolic dysfunction | Type I | Patel et al. [275] |
Goto-Kakizaki rat | Systolic dysfunction | Type II | Salem et al. [276] |
Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats | Diastolic dysfunction | Type II | Takada et al. [277] |
STZ-induced rats | Contractile dysfunction | Type I | Ward et al. [80] |
STZ-induced mice | Diastolic dysfunction with Ca2+ overload | Type I | Namekata et al. [278] |
Humans | Diastolic dysfunction | Type II | Lamberts et al. [279] |
Humans | Impaired LV midwall shortening | Type II | Cioffi et al. [280] |
Humans | Contractile dysfunction | Type II | Montaigne et al. [281] |
STZ-induced  transgenic mice | Diastolic and systolic dysfunction | Type I | Thomas et al. [282] |
STZ-induced guinea pig | Impaired contraction after stress | Type I | Tocchetti et al. [283] |
db/db mice | Contractile dysfunction | Type II | Veeranki et al. [119] |
STZ-induced mice | Diastolic and systolic dysfunction | Type I | Ruiz et al. [284] |